Survey of <i>Heterodera glycines</i> Population Densities and Virulence Phenotypes During 2015–2016 in Missouri

Howland, Amanda D.; Monnig, Nick; Mathesius, Jeff; Nathan, Manjula; Mitchum, Melissa G.

doi:10.1094/pdis-04-18-0650-sr

Cited by 44 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…SCN is estimated to cause annual yield losses of more than $1.2 billion in the United States (Koenning & Wrather, ) and more than $120 million in China (Wang, Zhao, & Chu, ). Moreover, increased virulence of SCN has been observed, and the dominant races appear to be shifting (Howland, Monnig, Mathesius, Nathan, & Mitchum, ; Hua et al, ; Lian et al, ). To some extent, this indicates that the ecological environment has caused evolution of nematode virulence, which is a serious threat to agro‐ecology and agricultural production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome‐level reference genome of X12, a highly virulent race of the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines

Lian

Wang

et al. 2019

Molecular Ecology Resources

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Soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines) is a major pest of soybean that is spreading across major soybean production regions worldwide. Increased SCN virulence has recently been observed in both the United States and China. However, no study has reported a genome assembly for H. glycines at the chromosome scale. Herein, the first chromosome‐level reference genome of X12, an unusual SCN race with high infection ability, is presented. Using whole‐genome shotgun (WGS) sequencing, Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) sequencing, Illumina paired‐end sequencing, 10X Genomics linked reads and high‐throughput chromatin conformation capture (Hi‐C) genome scaffolding techniques, a 141.01‐megabase (Mb) assembled genome was obtained with scaffold and contig N50 sizes of 16.27 Mb and 330.54 kilobases (kb), respectively. The assembly showed high integrity and quality, with over 90% of Illumina reads mapped to the genome. The assembly quality was evaluated using Core Eukaryotic Genes Mapping Approach and Benchmarking Universal Single‐Copy Orthologs. A total of 11,882 genes were predicted using de novo, homolog and RNAseq data generated from eggs, second‐stage juveniles (J2), third‐stage juveniles (J3) and fourth‐stage juveniles (J4) of X12, and 79.0% of homologous sequences were annotated in the genome. These high‐quality X12 genome data will provide valuable resources for research in a broad range of areas, including fundamental nematode biology, SCN–plant interactions and co‐evolution, and also contribute to the development of technology for overall SCN management.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome‐level reference genome of X12, a highly virulent race of the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines

Lian

Wang

et al. 2019

Molecular Ecology Resources

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“…Methods to manage SCN typically include growing resistant soybean cultivars in rotation with nonhost crops and using nematode-protectant seed treatments (Niblack 2005, Bissonnette and. Almost all SCN-resistant cultivars grown in the past three decades were derived from the breeding line PI 88788 (McCarville et al 2017, Tylka andMullaney 2019), which has led to the selection of SCN populations with increased ability to reproduce on the commonly used source of resistance (Howland et al 2018, Niblack et al 2008. Decreased effectiveness of soybean resistance to SCN has made continued management of the pest progressively more difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mechanistic Approach To Assessing the Potential for Cover Crops To Serve as Trap Crops for the Soybean Cyst Nematode

2021

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The effects of cover crops on the biology of the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, are not well established. It is possible that cover crops may reduce SCN population densities by acting as trap crops. Cover crops with potential to serve as trap crops may stimulate hatching and/or attract hatched SCN juveniles and also may be penetrated by large numbers of nematodes that cannot feed. Experiments were conducted to determine if root exudates and soil leachates (RE+SL) from various cover crop plants affected SCN hatching and chemotaxis and if there were significant differences in SCN juvenile root penetration among different cover crop plant types. In fourteen-day-long hatching experiments, there was greater SCN hatching in crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum) RE+SL than in RE+SL from all other cover crop treatments in the experiments. No other cover crop RE+SL significantly affected hatching. In chemotaxis experiments, SCN juveniles were attracted to RE+SL from annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and cereal rye (Secale cereal) after 24 hours. In greenhouse experiments, significantly more SCN juveniles penetrated the roots of single cultivars of crimson clover, mustard (Brassica juncea), and rapeseed (Brassica napus) than 11 other cover crop species/cultivars evaluated in the experiment over the course of 20 days. Few SCN juveniles penetrated the roots of annual ryegrass and cereal rye. The results suggest crimson clover, grown as a cover crop, has the most potential to act as a trap crop for SCN. Cover crop plants may affect SCN biology in ways other than the mechanisms investigated in these experiments.

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“…Since the scheme was formally proposed at the national soybean cyst nematode conference in 2008, it has been widely accepted and used. Virulence phenotypes of H. glycines had been surveyed with HG Type in some U.S. states (Niblack et al 2003;Zheng et al 2006;Mitchum et al 2007;Colgrove and Niblack 2008;Rzodkiewicz 2010;Acharya et al 2016;Howland et al 2018) and also in Korea (Kim et al 2013). In China, the race scheme has always been used, and the application of HG scheme is relatively less (Wang et al 2014;Chen et al 2015;Cui et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and Virulence Phenotypes of Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines) based upon Host Differentials in Jilin Province

Yan¹

2021

IJAB

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Jilin is the dominant soybean production province in China. Soybean cyst nematode [Heterodera glycines] (SCN) is one of the most important yield-limiting factors in soybean production. Information about the distribution and virulence phenotypes of SCN in soybean fields are essential for optimizing varieties choice in the region. The distribution and virulence phenotypes of SCN in 141 soil samples from 38 cites (cities, counties and towns) across Jilin province were investigated. One hundred and four (73.76%) of the samples from all 38 cities (counties, towns) tested positive for SCN and SCN population densities were more than 5 cysts/100 mL soil in 53 samples from 27 cities (counties, towns). In those 53 samples, we identified 7 races and 12 Heterodera glycines (HG) types, with Race 3 and HG Type 7 being the most dominant genotypes. Of all the genotypes identified, Race10 and HG Type 1.7 were found for the first time in China, and HG Type 3.4.5.7 was the first reported worldwide. Thirty-eight SCN populations (34.5%) were virulent on plant introduction (PI) 548316 (#7) and 15 of them had female indices (FI) ≥ 10% on Pickett. PI 548316 and Pickett were not recommended as parents of breeding against cyst nematode in Jilin province. Peking-type resistance sources were preferred to pi88788-type in Jilin province. In addition, it was found neither the race nor HG scheme is sufficient for differentiating SCN populations in Jilin province, nor the combination of the two methods is recommended for studying the genetic diversity of SCN in Jilin province. That is, Pickett which was removed in HG scheme should be included not as an indicator line but just to separate different races from the same HG type. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

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Survey of Heterodera glycines Population Densities and Virulence Phenotypes During 2015–2016 in Missouri

Cited by 44 publications

References 16 publications

Chromosome‐level reference genome of X12, a highly virulent race of the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines

Chromosome‐level reference genome of X12, a highly virulent race of the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines

A Mechanistic Approach To Assessing the Potential for Cover Crops To Serve as Trap Crops for the Soybean Cyst Nematode

Distribution and Virulence Phenotypes of Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines) based upon Host Differentials in Jilin Province

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