Survey of GrapevineVitis viniferaStem Polyphenols by Liquid Chromatography−Diode Array Detection−Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

Grapes and red wine prepared from Vitis vinifera L. contain a variety of polyphenols. Some information is available about the polyphenols of the seeds and leaves of grapevine, but considerably less is known about the polyphenols of woody stems. In this paper, we describe the results of a study of polyphenolic compounds in grapevine stems. We demonstrate how a combination of reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet-diode array detection and electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry ion-trap detection enables characterization of a phytochemical mixture of considerable complexity. As the polyphenol source, the stems of three frost-hardy grapevine varieties [Hasaine (Hasansky) sladki, Zilga, and Yubilei Novgoroda] were used. The main group of methanol-extractable polyphenols of stems consists of trans-resveratrol and its derivatives including oligomers and glucosides. As minor components of the extract, stilbenoid piceatannol as well as a number of nonstilbenoid polyphenols, mostly flavan-3-ols and phenolic acids glucosides, were determined. The total polyphenol content of the grapevine stems depends on the variety, whereby the stems of cultivar Yubilei Novgoroda with white grapes contain significantly less of both groups of polyphenols.

Grape pomace as a source of phenolic compounds and diverse bioactive properties

“…Two p-coumaric acid hexosides (peaks 7 and 9) were tentatively identified because both presented a molecular ion [M−H] − at m/z 325 and a unique MS 2 fragment at m/z 163 (p-coumaric acid), corresponding to the loss of an hexosyl moiety (162 mu). Peak 9 was identified as the major compound in skins samples, which has been previously reported in literature (Flamini, 2013;Kammerer, Claus, Carle, & Schieber, 2004;Núñe, Monagas, Gomez-Cordovés, & Bartolomé, 2004;Perestrelo et al, 2012;Pomar, Novo, & Masa, 2005;Püssa, Floren, Kuldkepp, & Raal, 2006). Peaks 1 and 2 corresponded to hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives, where peak 1 was identified as gallic acid, by comparing its characteristic with the commercial standard, and peak 2 ( [M−H] − at m/z 331) was tentatively identified as galloyl glucose, a monomeric gallotannin linked to a glucose moiety, presenting a molecular ion and fragmentation pattern corresponding to this identification (Flamini, 2013;Monagas, Gómez-Cordovés, Bartolomé, Laureano, & Silva, 2003).…”

Wine and grape polyphenols—A chemical perspective

“…ε-viniferin, Fig. 7) were also identified in grapevine leaves and wine by-products (Jiang et al, 2010;Lima et al, 1999;Moreno-Labanda et al, 2004;Pezet et al, 2003;Püssa et al, 2006;Vitrac et al, 2005).…”

Wine and grape polyphenols — A chemical perspective

“…ε-viniferin, Fig. 7) were also identified in grapevine leaves and wine by-products (Jiang et al, 2010;Lima et al, 1999;Moreno-Labanda et al, 2004;Pezet et al, 2003;Püssa et al, 2006;Vitrac et al, 2005).…”