Survey of delivery of parenteral antimicrobials in non-inpatient settings across Europe

Emilie, Caroline; Nocker, Phebe De; Saïdani, Nadia; Gilchrist, Mark; Seaton, R Andrew; Patel, Sanjay; Béraud, Guillaume; Kofteridis, Diamantis P.; Schouten, Jeroen; Thilly, Nathalie; Berrevoets, Marvin A.H.; Hulscher, Marlies; Buyle, Franky; Pulcini, Céline

doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2022.106559

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…8,14,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Data from Europe and The United States of America indicate that, despite offering OPAT services, only one-third of the services have a formal OPAT program in place. 15,17 This aligns with a few international surveys showing that there is a great proportion of unregulated OPAT services. 14,19 The limitation of these studies is that they were performed from infectious disease (ID) specialists' perspectives only, thereby potentially neglecting the multidisciplinary approach of the specialized OPAT program.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14,19 The limitation of these studies is that they were performed from infectious disease (ID) specialists' perspectives only, thereby potentially neglecting the multidisciplinary approach of the specialized OPAT program. [15][16][17][18][19] Moreover, best practices on how to organize OPAT services have not been studied yet. Therefore, a unique worldwide survey was conducted on the implementation and characteristics of OPAT services.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8,15 –17,20 A study from Europe by Emilie et al found that 6/17 (35%) nations had established OPAT services with specialized staff. 17 Another study in Ireland showed that 47% of the respondents did not have a designated OPAT service available, and a study from the United States, where only one-third had a dedicated OPAT program. 15,20 The most common reason for the absence of an OPAT service was the lack of resources or lack of time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 The literature suggests that OPAT programs may deviate from the guidelines and recommendations. 8,14,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Data from Europe and The United States of America indicate that, despite offering OPAT services, only one-third of the services have a formal OPAT program in place. 15,17 This aligns with a few international surveys showing that there is a great proportion of unregulated OPAT services.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The questions were developed using literature, including international guidelines, prior surveys on OPAT, and personal experiences regarding the function of a pharmacist. 1,12,14,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Questions were designed and refined by one investigator (M.H.) with input from other investigators (B.K., B.W.).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Best practices, implementation and challenges of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy: results of a worldwide survey among healthcare providers

Hassanzai,

Adanç,

Koch

et al. 2023

Therapeutic Advances in Infection

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Background: Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) is considered a patient-friendly and cost-effective practice. Patients in the OPAT service can be at risk for developing adverse events. Due to extensive variations in practice, guidelines have been developed to minimize the risks. Objectives: In this first worldwide survey on OPAT, we explored the current OPAT services around the world, adherence to recommendations and identified best practices and challenges from different perspectives. Methods: An e-survey was conducted and consisted of questions about demographics, characteristics of the OPAT service, role of pharmacy, future developments, and respondents’ views on improvements as well as best practices. Results: A total of 126 responses from 28 countries were included. Seventy-eight percent (78%) of the respondents stated that their facility provides antimicrobial therapy in the outpatient setting, whereas 22% did not. Forty-two percent (42%) of the hospitals with OPAT services had a specialized OPAT service, while 14% lacked specialized services and 22% had a partially specialized team in place. In facilities with a specialized OPAT service, the number of mandatory infectious disease (ID) consultations before discharge and clinical monitoring by an ID specialist or OPAT team member, the frequency of monitoring, and the availability of an OPAT registry were higher. A multidisciplinary team’s presence was commonly noted as best practices. On the other hand, respondents experienced difficulties with reimbursement and lack of standardization in the screening, follow-up and monitoring of patients. Conclusion: This survey provides a better understanding of the implementation and practices of OPAT services globally and describes best practices and the challenges from different professionals.

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