Survey Interviews and New Communication Technologies

Schober, Michael F.; Conrad, Frederick G.

doi:10.1002/9780470183373.ch1

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 57 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, if the addressee is listening to pre-recorded speech (e.g. Barr, 2008), as in the pre-recorded messages played in airports, or if the speaker is not herself the author of the ideas, as when reading a recipe aloud or giving a survey (see Schober & Conrad, 2008), the addressee may rightly infer that the speaker's knowledge state is of little relevance to understanding what is being said. In these circumstances, according to the Constraint-Based model, the addressee would be expected to weight other sources of information, such as lexical meaning or thematic fit, more heavily (see Brown-Schmidt, 2009a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Talking in another person’s shoes: Incremental perspective-taking in language processing

Brown‐Schmidt

Hanna

2011

dad

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Language use in conversation is fundamentally incremental, and is guided by the representations that interlocutors maintain of each other’s knowledge and beliefs. While there is a consensus that interlocutors represent the perspective of others, three candidate models, a Perspective-Adjustment model, an Anticipation-Integration model, and a Constraint-Based model, make conflicting predictions about the role of perspective information during on-line language processing. Here we review psycholinguistic evidence for incrementality in language processing, and the recent methodological advance that has fostered its investigation—the use of eye-tracking in the visual world paradigm. We present visual world studies of perspective-taking, and evaluate each model's account of the data. We argue for a Constraint-Based view in which perspective is one of multiple probabilistic constraints that guide language processing decisions. Addressees combine knowledge of a speaker’s perspective with rich information from the discourse context to arrive at an interpretation of what was said. Understanding how these sources of information combine to influence interpretation requires careful consideration of how perspective representations were established, and how they are relevant to the communicative context.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Talking in another person’s shoes: Incremental perspective-taking in language processing

Brown‐Schmidt

Hanna

2011

dad

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In this study we extended the analysis of gender-of-interviewer effects to a Web survey methodology that makes use of a humanizing respondent interface (Fuchs & Funke 2007, 2008; for similar developments see Couper 2008 and Schober & Conrad 2008). Compared to paper-and-pencil questionnaires, Web surveys allow a richer communication with the respondent because online questionnaires are not just electronic equivalents of their paper counterparts (Funke & Reips, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender-of-Interviewer Effects in a Video-Enhanced Web Survey

Fuchs

2009

Social Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this paper, a video-enhanced version of a Web survey is assessed. Instead of written questions on a screen, a female and a male interviewer shown on prerecorded flash video clips administered the questions to the respondents. Given the more pronounced human cues induced by the audio-visual channel, we expected gender-of-interviewer effects similar to face-to-face interviews. In a field-experimental study, 880 respondents from the University of Kassel online access panel took part in a survey on relationships, sexual behaviors, and related issues. Random subsamples saw a female or a male interviewer, respectively, while the control group answered the Web survey in a traditional text-based Web survey mode. Results indicate that gender-of-interviewer effects occur in a video-enhanced Web survey similar to a face-to-face interview. Since we found same-gender effects as well as opposite-gender effects – which contradicts social distance theory – we speculate that the direction of a gender-of-interviewer effect depends on the existence of gender-related social stereotypes.

show abstract

“…Considering factors such as these, as well as those raised by Cassell and Miller ( 2008 ), will be essential if virtual survey interviewing systems are to be effective. The need for accurate survey data will continue; the question will be what kinds of interviewers and interviewing systems will best promote accurate data and respondent engagement in new technological environments (Schober and Conrad, 2008 ), and what role embodied interviewing agents might best play.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehension and engagement in survey interviews with virtual agents

et al. 2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study investigates how an onscreen virtual agent's dialog capability and facial animation affect survey respondents' comprehension and engagement in “face-to-face” interviews, using questions from US government surveys whose results have far-reaching impact on national policies. In the study, 73 laboratory participants were randomly assigned to respond in one of four interviewing conditions, in which the virtual agent had either high or low dialog capability (implemented through Wizard of Oz) and high or low facial animation, based on motion capture from a human interviewer. Respondents, whose faces were visible to the Wizard (and videorecorded) during the interviews, answered 12 questions about housing, employment, and purchases on the basis of fictional scenarios designed to allow measurement of comprehension accuracy, defined as the fit between responses and US government definitions. Respondents answered more accurately with the high-dialog-capability agents, requesting clarification more often particularly for ambiguous scenarios; and they generally treated the high-dialog-capability interviewers more socially, looking at the interviewer more and judging high-dialog-capability agents as more personal and less distant. Greater interviewer facial animation did not affect response accuracy, but it led to more displays of engagement—acknowledgments (verbal and visual) and smiles—and to the virtual interviewer's being rated as less natural. The pattern of results suggests that a virtual agent's dialog capability and facial animation differently affect survey respondents' experience of interviews, behavioral displays, and comprehension, and thus the accuracy of their responses. The pattern of results also suggests design considerations for building survey interviewing agents, which may differ depending on the kinds of survey questions (sensitive or not) that are asked.

show abstract

Survey Interviews and New Communication Technologies

Cited by 11 publications

References 57 publications

Talking in another person’s shoes: Incremental perspective-taking in language processing

Talking in another person’s shoes: Incremental perspective-taking in language processing

Gender-of-Interviewer Effects in a Video-Enhanced Web Survey

Comprehension and engagement in survey interviews with virtual agents

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About