“…Upon examining the relevant literature, there are some studies that indicate a relationship/effect between job insecurity and presenteeism (Kinman, Clements, & Hart, 2019;Reuter et al, 2019;Kim, Yoon, Bahk, & Kim, 2020;Schmidt & Pförtner, 2020;Siu, Cooper, Roll, & Lo, 2020;Zhang et al, 2020;Gary, 2022;Öney, Eryılmaz, & Şimşek, 2022) and others that find no such relationship (Virtanen, Kivimaki, Elovainio, Vahtera, & Ferrie, 2003;Mokhtar, Abdullah, & Roshaizad, 2020;Claes, 2011). Studies that did not find an effect on of job insecurity on presenteeism are those by Virtanen et al (2003), Mokhtar et al (2020), andClaes (2011). Moreover, Öney et al (2022) found that the COVID-19 pandemic affected presenteeism but had no effect on job insecurity.…”