Survey and Trends in the Preparation of Chemically Bonded Silica Phases for Liquid Chromatographic Analysis

Buszewski, Bogusław; Jezierska, Marta; Wełniak, Mirosław; Berek, Dušan

doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-4168(19980501)21:5<267::aid-jhrc267>3.0.co;2-7

Cited by 145 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…The alkyl chain length, bonding density, attachment chemistry, heterogeneity of the silica, solute structure, temperature, and concentration of organic modifier in the mobile phase all have significant influence on the folded or extended configuration of chemically immobilized chains and chromatographic properties of stationary phases (2,9,24). Knox and Bristow did the first basic work when they used a mixture of components with ideal thermodynamic behavior to test the kinetic properties of HPLC columns (Table 1; 29).…”

Section: Chromatographic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elemental analysis is one of the basic methods for evaluating stationary phases (2,9). The quantity of carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen can be measured directly by burning the sample in oxygen.…”

Section: Elemental Thermal and Microcalorimetric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Knowing the percentage of carbon allows the coverage density to be calculated according to the Berendsen equation (10) ( 1) in which ␣ R I P is the surface coverage density, P C is the percentage of carbon, n C is the number of carbon atoms per silane moiety, M 1 is the molar weight of silane, n x is the number of reactive groups in the silane, and S BET is the specific surface area of unmodified support. To endcap or prepare "pseudobilayer" phases, we modified this equation to (2) in which ␣ R I P I is the surface coverage density, P C(2) is the percentage of carbon bonded in the endcapping step, n C(1) is the number of carbon atoms in the first stage, n C(2) is the number of carbon atoms in the second stage, M 2 is the molar mass of the modifier in the endcapping process, and S BET is the specific surface area of unmodified support (9). Unfortunately, elemental analysis does not provide information about the homogeneity of the stationary phase and should be used only as a complement to other more sophisticated analytical characterization methods.…”

Section: Elemental Thermal and Microcalorimetric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Investigating the parameters characterizing the phase transition helped explain the association and dissociation of methanol with the chemically bonded chains. The shape of the DSC curve depends on the surface porosity and provides information on the structural heterogeneity of the stationary phase (9). Enthalpy effects related to the temperature changes in water/silica gel systems can also be studied.…”

Section: Elemental Thermal and Microcalorimetric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the molecular level, wetting is influenced by chain-chain, chain-eluent, and residual silanols-eluent interactions, and some energy is evolved during these interactions. We measured the heats of wetting of various solvents using microcalorimetry (9,15). Knowing the changes in the phase and the heats of wetting makes it possible to characterize the surface of the silica before and after modification.…”

Section: Elemental Thermal and Microcalorimetric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peer Reviewed: Characterizing HPLC Stationary Phases

Krupczyńska¹,

Buszewski²

2004

Anal. Chem.

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great variety of stationary phases is available to analyze an even larger array of compounds. Stationary phases in which organic moieties (alkyl chains, aryl, amine, cholesterolic, phospholipids, phenol groups, etc.) are grafted onto a silica surface are the most popular. Sometimes the stationary phases themselves must be characterized, such as for quality control purposes. Often, interpreting chromatographic data is difficult because even columns that are "identical"-produced by the same manufacturer-exhibit different chromatographic properties. Determining the structure and properties of new stationary phases is also extremely important so that the retention mechanism, which plays a significant role in selectivity, can be described accurately. Chromatographic separation occurs because of the differences in the affinities of solute molecules for the stationary phase-retention is a process of solute transfer from a mobile phase onto/into a stationary phase (1).Column quality depends on a number of factors, the most important of which are homogeneity of both particle packing in the column bed and arrangement of the chemically bonded phase on the adsorbent surface. These factors determine the reproducibility of chromatographic data, and the large number of these factors is why there are a lot of methods for characterizing columns. Obviously, no ideal single technique can characterize all the © 2 0 0 4 A M E R

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Section: Chromatographic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Elemental Thermal and Microcalorimetric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Elemental Thermal and Microcalorimetric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Elemental Thermal and Microcalorimetric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Elemental Thermal and Microcalorimetric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Peer Reviewed: Characterizing HPLC Stationary Phases

Krupczyńska¹,

Buszewski²

2004

Anal. Chem.

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Prototypical Test Substances for a Reversed Phase in a Retention Parameter Model

Rohrschneider¹

1999

J. High Resol. Chromatogr.

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Synthesis and applications of adsorbents containing cyclodextrins

Crini¹,

2002

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Synthesis and applications of adsorbents containing cyclodextrinsCyclodextrins (CDs), which possess a hydrophobic cavity, have a remarkable capacity to form inclusion complexes with various molecules through host-guest interactions. It is well known that the usefulness of CDs is due to the combination of the inclusion properties and structural features of these molecules. CDs are used extensively in separation science because CD-complexation phenomena offer a procedure of choice for separation of compounds and extraction processes, and provide a useful and versatile tool for protecting the environment. The present review shows the advantages accruing from the use of adsorbents containing cyclodextrins, in particular in chromatographic separations and in waste water treatment. The main goal of this review is to provide a summary of the information concerning the synthesis of materials containing CDs and to give a general overview of the different possible applications of CDs as sorbents in the field of separation techniques. Recent and continuing interest in these adsorbents is evident from the number of papers that appear each year in the literature.

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Survey and Trends in the Preparation of Chemically Bonded Silica Phases for Liquid Chromatographic Analysis

Cited by 145 publications

References 111 publications

Peer Reviewed: Characterizing HPLC Stationary Phases

Peer Reviewed: Characterizing HPLC Stationary Phases

Prototypical Test Substances for a Reversed Phase in a Retention Parameter Model

Synthesis and applications of adsorbents containing cyclodextrins

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