Surveillance strategies for Classical Swine Fever in wild boar – a comprehensive evaluation study to ensure powerful surveillance

Schulz, Katja; Peyre, Marisa; Staubach, Christoph; Schauer, Birgit; Schulz, Jana; Calba, Clémentine; Conraths, Franz Josef

doi:10.1038/srep43871

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Wildlife populations can transmit infection to economically important domestic species, complicating disease management programmes (Gortazar et al, 2015). For example, wild boar Sus scrofa can transmit the Classical Swine Fever virus to domestic pigs (Schulz et al, 2017), and migrating populations of wild birds can transmit avian influenza virus to poultry (Gauthier-Clerc, Lebarbenchon, & Thomas, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of culling on individual badger Meles meles behaviour: Potential implications for bovine tuberculosis transmission

Ham

Donnelly

Astley

et al. 2019

Journal of Applied Ecology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1. Culling wildlife as a form of disease management can have unexpected and sometimes counterproductive outcomes. In the UK, badgers Meles meles are culled in efforts to reduce badger-to-cattle transmission of Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (TB). However, culling has previously been associated with both increased and decreased incidence of M. bovis infection in cattle.2. The adverse effects of culling have been linked to cull-induced changes in badger ranging, but such changes are not well-documented at the individual level. Using GPS-collars, we characterized individual badger behaviour within an area subjected to widespread industry-led culling, comparing it with the same area before culling and with three unculled areas.3. Culling was associated with a 61% increase (95% CI 27%-103%) in monthly home range size, a 39% increase (95% CI 28%-51%) in nightly maximum distance from the sett, and a 17% increase (95% CI 11%-24%) in displacement between successive GPS-collar locations recorded at 20-min intervals. Despite travelling further, we found a 91.2 min (95% CI 67.1-115.3 min) reduction in the nightly activity time of individual badgers associated with culling. These changes became apparent while culls were ongoing and persisted after culling ended. 4. Expanded ranging in culled areas was associated with individual badgers visiting 45% (95% CI 15%-80%) more fields each month, suggesting that surviving individuals had the opportunity to contact more cattle. Moreover, surviving badgers showed a 19.9-fold increase (95% CI 10.8-36.4-fold increase) in the odds of trespassing into neighbouring group territories, increasing opportunities for intergroup contact. 5. Synthesis and applications. Badger culling was associated with behavioural changes among surviving badgers which potentially increased opportunities for both badger-to-badger and badger-to-cattle transmission of Mycobacterium bovis. Furthermore, by reducing the time badgers spent active, culling may have reduced badgers' accessibility to shooters, potentially undermining subsequent population control efforts. Our results specifically illustrate the challenges posed by badger | 2391 Journal of Applied Ecology HAM et Al.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of culling on individual badger Meles meles behaviour: Potential implications for bovine tuberculosis transmission

Ham

Donnelly

Astley

et al. 2019

Journal of Applied Ecology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These findings show the higher ASF detection rate in animals found dead and correlate with results from Estonia and Latvia [ 7 , 10 , 11 , 19 , 20 ]. In addition, they emphasise once more the need to focus on passive surveillance [ 3 , 9 , 10 , 19 , 21 , 22 ]. The high ASFV prevalence estimates in wild boar found dead and the consistent ASFV prevalence estimates over the year suggest that ASFV is still circulating within the Lithuanian wild boar population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

African swine fever in the Lithuanian wild boar population in 2018: a snapshot

Pautienius

Schulz

Staubach

et al. 2020

Virol J

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The first cases of African swine fever (ASF) were detected in the Lithuanian wild boar population in 2014. Since then, the disease spread slowly through the whole country, affecting both, wild boar and domestic pigs. In the other Baltic states, which both are also affected by ASF since 2014, the recent course of ASF prevalence suggests that the countries might be well under way of disease elimination. In contrast, in Lithuania the epidemic seems to be still in full progress. In the present study, we aimed to extend a previous prevalence study in Lithuania. Looking at ASF virus (ASFV) and seroprevalence estimates of wild boar in all months of 2018 and in all affected municipalities in Lithuania, the course of ASF was evaluated on a temporal and spatial scale. A non-spatial beta-binomial model was used to correct for under- or overestimation of the average prevalence estimates. Within 2018 no big differences between the prevalence estimates were seen over time. Despite of the lower sample size, highest ASFV prevalence estimates were found in dead wild boar, suggesting higher detection rates through passive surveillance than through active surveillance. Accordingly, with the maximum prevalence of 87.5% in May 2018, the ASFV prevalence estimates were very high in wild boar found dead. The number of samples originating from hunted animals (active surveillance) predominated clearly. However, the ASFV prevalence in those animals was lower with a maximum value of 2.1%, emphasizing the high value of passive surveillance. A slight increase of the seroprevalence in hunted wild boar could be seen over time. In the center of Lithuania, a cluster of municipalities with high ASFV and seroprevalence estimates was found. The results of the study indicate that ASFV is still circulating within the Lithuanian wild boar population, constituting a permanent risk of disease transmission into domestic pig holdings. However, additional, more recent data analyses are necessary to re-evaluate the course of ASF in Lithuania and thus, to be able to make a statement about the stage of the ASF epidemic in the country. This is of huge importance for Lithuania for evaluating control measures and their efficacy, but also for neighbouring countries to assess the risk of disease spread from Lithuania.

show abstract

“…Both diseases are usually accompanied by a steep increase in mortality when introduced into a naïve population. This gives passive surveillance high impact for the early detection of disease introduction into both domestic pigs and wild boar [ 119 ]. With regard to the detection and differentiation of the diseases, molecular tools have been developed and validated that allow both steps in one assay (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent European CSFV strains have shown moderate virulence and an age-dependence of clinical symptoms. This is important for the target population of active surveillance but also disease dynamics as it can be assumed that older animals will survive [ 119 ]. Survivors will be safe as they are protected probably livelong from reinfection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

African and classical swine fever: similarities, differences and epidemiological consequences

Schulz

Staubach

Blome

2017

Vet Res

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

For the global pig industry, classical (CSF) and African swine fever (ASF) outbreaks are a constantly feared threat. Except for Sardinia, ASF was eradicated in Europe in the late 1990s, which led to a research focus on CSF because this disease continued to be present. However, ASF remerged in eastern Europe in 2007 and the interest in the disease, its control and epidemiology increased tremendously. The similar names and the same susceptible species suggest a similarity of the two viral diseases, a related biological behaviour and, correspondingly, similar epidemiological features. However, there are several essential differences between both diseases, which need to be considered for the design of control or preventive measures. In the present review, we aimed to collate differences and similarities of the two diseases that impact epidemiology and thus the necessary control actions. Our objective was to discuss critically, if and to which extent the current knowledge can be transferred from one disease to the other and where new findings should lead to a critical review of measures relating to the prevention, control and surveillance of ASF and CSF. Another intention was to identify research gaps, which need to be closed to increase the chances of a successful eradication of ASF and therefore for a decrease of the economic threat for pig holdings and the international trade.

show abstract

Surveillance strategies for Classical Swine Fever in wild boar – a comprehensive evaluation study to ensure powerful surveillance

Cited by 18 publications

References 34 publications

Effect of culling on individual badger Meles meles behaviour: Potential implications for bovine tuberculosis transmission

Effect of culling on individual badger Meles meles behaviour: Potential implications for bovine tuberculosis transmission

African swine fever in the Lithuanian wild boar population in 2018: a snapshot

African and classical swine fever: similarities, differences and epidemiological consequences

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About