Surveillance Program for Diagnosis of HCC in Liver Cirrhosis: Role of Ultrasound Echo Patterns

Soresi, Maurizio; Terranova, Antonino; Licata, Anna; Serruto, Antonietta; Montalto, Giuseppe; Brancatelli, Giuseppe; Giannitrapani, Lydia

doi:10.1155/2017/4932759

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…These three described malignant entities are often diagnosed in a rather late stage due to the lack of specific symptoms in earlier stages. The only routinely performed screening-protocol refers to regular sonography of patients suffering from liver cirrhosis to detect early indicators of HCC development [40]. Thus, further diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to detect and treat liver disease, especially liver malignancies, are urgently warranted.…”

Section: The Liver and Its Pathologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The good and the bad about separation anxiety: roles of IL-22 and IL-22BP in liver pathologies

et al. 2021

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The human liver fulfills several vital tasks daily and possesses an impressive ability to self-regenerate. However, the capacity of this self-healing process can be exhausted by a variety of different liver diseases, such as alcoholic liver damage, viral hepatitis, or hepatocellular carcinoma. Over time, all these diseases generally lead to progressive liver failure that can become fatal if left untreated. Thus, a great effort has been directed towards the development of innovative therapies. The most recently discovered therapies often involve modifying the patient’s immune system to enhance a beneficial immune response. Current data suggest that, among others, the cytokine IL-22 might be a promising therapeutical candidate. IL-22 and its endogenous antagonist, IL-22BP, have been under thorough scientific investigation for nearly 20 years. While IL-22 is mainly produced by TH22 cells, ILC3s, NKT cells, or γδ T cells, sources of IL-22BP include dendritic cells, eosinophils, and CD4+ cells. In many settings, IL-22 was shown to promote regenerative potential and, thus, could protect tissues from pathogens and damage. However, the effects of IL-22 during carcinogenesis are more ambiguous and depend on the tumor entity and microenvironment. In line with its capabilities of neutralizing IL-22 in vivo, IL-22BP possesses often, but not always, an inverse expression pattern compared to its ligand. In this comprehensive review, we will summarize past and current findings regarding the roles of IL-22 and IL-22BP in liver diseases with a particular focus on the leading causes of advanced liver failure, namely, liver infections, liver damage, and liver malignancies.

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Section: The Liver and Its Pathologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The good and the bad about separation anxiety: roles of IL-22 and IL-22BP in liver pathologies

et al. 2021

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“…Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide 1 , 2 and usually develops as a result of liver cirrhosis. 3 , 4 HCC is a highly aggressive cancer and is now the third leading cause of cancer-related death. Surgical resection, local ablation and liver transplantation are potentially curative for HCC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Culture of Circulating Tumor Cells for Evaluating Early Recurrence and Metastasis in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hu¹,

Zhang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2021

OTT

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Purpose Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are considered to be a key factor involved in tumor metastasis. However, the isolation and culture of CTCs in vitro remains challenging, and their clinical application for predicting prognosis and survival is still limited. The development of accurate evaluating system for CTCs will benefit for clinical assessment of HCC. Methods Density gradient centrifugation and magnetic separation based on CD45 antibody were used to isolate CTCs. 3D culture was used to maintain and amplify CTCs and HCC cells. Cellular immunofluorescence was used to identify CTCs and spheroids. The cutoff value of CTC spheroid was calculated using X-tile software. The relationship between clinicopathological variables and CTC spheroids in HCC patients is analyzed. In vivo models were used to evaluate tumor growth and metastasis of CTC spheroids. Results Patient-derived CTCs/HCC cells were isolated and expanded to form spheroids using 3D culture. CTC spheroids could be used to predict short-term recurrence of CTCs compared with conventional CTC enumeration. Different cell lines exhibited different formation rates and grew to different sizes. Identification of CTC spheroids revealed that EpCAM and β-catenin were expressed in spheroids derived from HCC cells and in the HCC/CTCs. EpCAM-positive HCC cells exhibited improved spheroid formation in 3D culture and were more tumorigenic and likely to metastasize to the lung in vivo. Abnormal activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was observed in EpCAM positive cells. Conclusion CTC spheroids could predict prognosis of HCC more precisely compared with conventional CTC enumeration. EpCAM may participate in the formation and survival of CTC spheroids which dependent on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

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“…HCC is the most common type of primary liver cancer, and is the most common cause of death among different cancers after lung cancer [ [1] , [2] , [3] ]. This cancer can be diagnosed using various modalities including ultrasound [ 4 ], computed tomography (CT) [ 5 , 6 ], and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [ 7 , 8 ]. The ability of these modalities to diagnose HCC is differentiated in its different stages where MRI is the best modality in diagnosing this disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Hepatocellular Carcinoma Model Within a Liver Phantom for Multimodality Imaging

Ahmad

Suardi

Shukri

et al. 2020

European Journal of Radiology Open

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Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancer in the world, and the effectiveness of its treatment lies in its detection in its early stages. The aim of this study is to mimic HCC dynamically through a liver phantom and apply it in multimodality medical imaging techniques including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and ultrasound. Methods and materials The phantom is fabricated with two main parts, liver parenchyma and HCC inserts. The liver parenchyma was fabricated by adding 2.5 wt% of agarose powder combined with 2.6 wt% of wax powder while the basic material for the HCC samples was made from polyurethane solution combined with 5 wt% glycerol. Three HCC samples were inserted into the parenchyma by using three cylinders implanted inside the liver parenchyma. An automatic injector is attached to the input side of the cylinders and a suction device connected to the output side of the cylinders. After the phantom was prepared, the contrast materials were injected into the phantom and imaged using MRI, CT, and ultrasound. Results Both HCC samples and liver parenchyma were clearly distinguished using the three imaging modalities: MRI, CT, and ultrasound. Doppler ultrasound was also applied through the HCC samples and the flow pattern was observed through the samples. Conclusion A multimodal dynamic liver phantom, with HCC tumor models have been fabricated. This phantom helps to improve and develop different methods for detecting HCC in its early stages.

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Surveillance Program for Diagnosis of HCC in Liver Cirrhosis: Role of Ultrasound Echo Patterns

Cited by 13 publications

References 40 publications

The good and the bad about separation anxiety: roles of IL-22 and IL-22BP in liver pathologies

The good and the bad about separation anxiety: roles of IL-22 and IL-22BP in liver pathologies

3D Culture of Circulating Tumor Cells for Evaluating Early Recurrence and Metastasis in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Dynamic Hepatocellular Carcinoma Model Within a Liver Phantom for Multimodality Imaging

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