Surveillance of nosocomial infections in the Yaounde University Teaching Hospital, Cameroon

Abstract

BackgroundNosocomial infections (NI) represent a real public health problem in developing countries. Their surveillance is recommended to provide needed information for better control. The aim of this study was to describe the frequency and distribution of NI in the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital (YUTH).MethodsIt was a longitudinal and descriptive study targeting hospitalized patients in the intensive care, gynaecological, surgical and neonatal units. Each consenting patient was administered a questionnaire at the beginning of the study and followed up daily for the duration of their hospitalization using a standardized grid to detect all nosocomial infections. Cumulative incidence was used to estimate NI frequency.ResultsThere were 307 patients included. The cumulative incidence and specific mortality rate of NI were 19.21% (16.9–21.5) and 28% (16.2–42.5) respectively. Septicaemia (20.34%), infection of the skin and soft tissues (20.34%) and urinary tract infections (15.25%) were the most frequent type of NI. Klebsiella spp. was the most frequently isolated bacterium (27%).ConclusionNosocomial infections contribute to high hospital morbidity in the Yaounde University Teaching Hospital. Strategies need to be identified for a sustainable and continuous monitoring of NI in all health facilities of Cameroon. In addition, Further studies should identify NI determinants and interventions for efficient and better control.

Major Bacteria Species Surface Contaminants in Hospitals of Littoral Region, Cameroon

“…Elsewhere a study from Kawolo General Hospital in Uganda reported, S. aureus with the highest prevalence 46/61 (75.4%) [10]. On contrary our findings are different for some studies carry out in Cameroon (surveillance of nosocomial infections in YUTH) and Uganda (contamination of microbial pathogens in 4 operating theatre), where Klebsiella spp (27%), Pseudomonas spp (23.9) and Bacillus spp (17.5%) were found as common organisms respectively [6,11]. This difference can be due to the type and level of target hospital, units, type of specimen (hospital environment & hospitalized patients) and sample size.…”

“…This can be supported by a study that reported the presence and increase of MRSA in Many hospitals of several countries in Africa [24]. On the contrary our findings are different from the studies of Nouetchognou et al and Bashir et al who conducted in and Yaounde University Teaching Hospital in Cameroon and three tertiary hospitals, Kano state, Nigeria, where Klebsiella spp were the most frequently isolated bacterial nosocomial pathogens from all units and all studied hospitals respectively [6,25].…”

“…Studies on the effectiveness of interventions to reduce HAIs are limited, In Cameroon, few studies show the incidence of NI varies between 16.9-21.5% and Health care systems has not yet encouraged hospitals to expand practices focusing on the prevention and monitoring of infectious agents [4,6]. This worrying situation needs to be questioned and targeted actions have to be carried out in order to help the population.…”

Epidemiología de las infecciones urinarias asociadas a catéter y no asociadas a catéter en un hospital universitario de tercer nivel

“…En nuestra institución, 39,1% de las ITU-AAS fueron ITU-noC, constituyendo un porcentaje no despreciable dentro de las ITU-AAS. Dentro de la poca bibliografía que ha comparado ambos tipos de ITU-AAS, se ha reportado una frecuencia cercana a 30% de ITU-noC 7,10 . De este modo, se denota la importante frecuencia de dichas infecciones en nuestra institución, adquiriendo un valor epidemiológico de gran importancia.…”

“…L as infecciones urinarias asociadas a la atención de la salud (ITU-AAS) representan un importante problema de salud pública, estando asociadas a incremento de la morbimortalidad de los pacientes, días de internación y costos en salud [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] . Múltiples reportes mencionan a las infecciones urinarias como la infección más frecuente dentro del ámbito hospitalario 6,8,9 . El conocimiento de los factores de riesgo asociados y el perfil de susceptibilidad de los microorganismos causantes de las mismas son herramientas indispensables para generar guías de tratamiento adecuadas.…”