Surveillance of infant pertussis in Sweden 1998–2012; severity of disease in relation to the national vaccination programme

Carlsson, Rose-Marie; Segebaden, Kerstin Von; Bergström, Jakob; Kling, Anna-Maria; Nilsson, Lennart

doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es2015.20.6.21032

Cited by 38 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Although the existence of herd protection induced by acellular pertussis vaccines has been challenged, population-based epidemiological surveillance for pertussis in Sweden following introduction of the acellular vaccine demonstrated herd protection among infants too young to receive a vaccine and older infants unvaccinated against pertussis (430). In addition, epidemiological modeling based on a model originally conceived by Rohani et al suggests that achieving the observed reductions in pertussis would be impossible in the absence of herd protection (431,432).…”

Section: Vaccine-induced Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pertussis: Microbiology, Disease, Treatment, and Prevention

et al. 2016

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SUMMARYPertussis is a severe respiratory infection caused byBordetella pertussis, and in 2008, pertussis was associated with an estimated 16 million cases and 195,000 deaths globally. Sizeable outbreaks of pertussis have been reported over the past 5 years, and disease reemergence has been the focus of international attention to develop a deeper understanding of pathogen virulence and genetic evolution ofB. pertussisstrains. During the past 20 years, the scientific community has recognized pertussis among adults as well as infants and children. Increased recognition that older children and adolescents are at risk for disease and may transmitB. pertussisto younger siblings has underscored the need to better understand the role of innate, humoral, and cell-mediated immunity, including the role of waning immunity. Although recognition of adult pertussis has increased in tandem with a better understanding ofB. pertussispathogenesis, pertussis in neonates and adults can manifest with atypical clinical presentations. Such disease patterns make pertussis recognition difficult and lead to delays in treatment. Ongoing research using newer tools for molecular analysis holds promise for improved understanding of pertussis epidemiology, bacterial pathogenesis, bioinformatics, and immunology. Together, these advances provide a foundation for the development of new-generation diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines.

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Section: Vaccine-induced Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pertussis: Microbiology, Disease, Treatment, and Prevention

et al. 2016

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“…Although there is some epidemiological evidence of herd immunity following aP vaccine administration [42,43], recent mathematical modeling studies from Australia, England and Wales and the USA [5], as well as data from a non-human primate (baboon) model of pertussis that closely resembles the human disease [44], support the hypothesis that transition from wP to aP vaccines may be associated with disease resurgence. In baboons, aP vaccines protect against disease but fail to prevent colonization and transmission, confirming recent mice data [44,45].…”

Section: Transmission and Herd Immunitymentioning

confidence: 93%

Changing from whole-cell to acellular pertussis vaccines would trade superior tolerability for inferior protection

Herzog

2015

Expert Review of Vaccines

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Notifications of infant deaths, assumed to be related to the introduction of new pentavalent DTwP-Hib-HBV childhood vaccines, caused, during 2008-2010 in few Asian countries, temporary interruptions of the respective vaccination programs. The sudden appearance of fatal cases was due to increased awareness/publicity and improved safety monitoring/reporting in countries with relatively high background infant mortalities. WHO investigations could not establish any causal relationships and vaccinations were again resumed. Recently, questions were raised in one concerned country as to why not to change to less reactogenic acellular pertussis (aP)-containing vaccines that are available in private practice and are generally perceived as 'better'. For resource-poor countries, the financial impacts render such a switch impossible and would also not be supported by external funding. Furthermore, it would be a disservice to the children, as in recent years evidence of inferior long-term efficacy of aP vaccines has accumulated. This report summarizes current knowledge on comparative whole-cell pertussis (wP) and aP vaccine performance, outlines the new July 2014 WHO guidance on the choice of pertussis vaccines and presents recent data on outbreak protection, antibody waning, long-term protection, wP-priming, pathogen adaptation, transmission and herd immunity.

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“…Recent reports have attempted to determine risk factors and predictors of fatal outcome in infants suffering from critical pertussis. A study of pertussis in Swedish infants highlighted the high rate (70%) of hospitalization of pertussis cases among young infants ( < 3 months old) and the protective effects of vaccination against fatal disease, since all nine deaths occurred in unvaccinated infants [67 ▪ ]. In a smaller study of 17 cases of critical pertussis in Tunisia, there was a high rate of fatal outcome (23%) and significant predictors of mortality included leukocytosis, as well as tachycardia, seizures, and shock [68].…”

Section: Critical and Fatal Pertussis In Infantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, recent reports have highlighted the benefit of early antibiotic treatment for young infants with critical pertussis. In the Swedish study, starting antibiotic treatment within the first 6 days after cough onset was associated with shorter duration of coughing than those initiating treatment 2 weeks after cough onset [67 ▪ ]. Similarly, in an Australian study of household attack rates, there was an increased risk of transmission from the primary case to contacts when antibiotic treatment was initiated later than 7 days after the onset of symptoms [73 ▪ ].…”

Section: Novel Potential Treatments For Pertussismentioning

confidence: 99%

Bordetella pertussis

Carbonetti

2016

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

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Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss recent findings and selected topics of interest in Bordetella pertussis virulence and pathogenesis and treatment of pertussis. It is not intended to cover issues on immune responses to B. pertussis infection or problems with currently used pertussis vaccines. Recent findings Studies on the activities of various B. pertussis virulence factors include the immunomodulatory activities of filamentous hemagglutinin, fimbriae, and adenylate cyclase toxin. Recently emerging B. pertussis strains show evidence of genetic selection for vaccine escape mutants, with changes in vaccine antigen-expressing genes, some of which may have increased the virulence of this pathogen. Severe and fatal pertussis in young infants continues to be a problem, with several studies highlighting predictors of fatality, including the extreme leukocytosis associated with this infection. Treatments for pertussis are extremely limited, though early antibiotic intervention may be beneficial. Neutralizing pertussis toxin activity may be an effective strategy, as well as targeting two host proteins, pendrin and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors, as novel potential therapeutic interventions. Summary Pertussis is reemerging as a major public health problem and continued basic research is revealing information on bacterial virulence and disease pathogenesis, as well as potential novel strategies for vaccination and targets for therapeutic intervention.

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Surveillance of infant pertussis in Sweden 1998–2012; severity of disease in relation to the national vaccination programme

Abstract: Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches

Cited by 38 publications

References 16 publications

Pertussis: Microbiology, Disease, Treatment, and Prevention

Pertussis: Microbiology, Disease, Treatment, and Prevention

Changing from whole-cell to acellular pertussis vaccines would trade superior tolerability for inferior protection

Bordetella pertussis

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