Surveillance of human and swine adenovirus, human norovirus and swine circovirus in water samples in Santa Catarina, Brazil

Abstract

Animal and human wastewater can potentially contaminate water sources and the treatment of drinking water may not effectively remove all contaminants, especially viruses. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the viral contamination of water used for human and animal consumption in the city of Concórdia, located in southern Brazil. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine adenovirus (PAdV), human adenovirus (HAdV) and human norovirus (NoV) were searched for using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). HAdV-positive samples were tested for viral infectivity by plaque assay. The qPCR results showed that PAdV, PCV2 and HAdV genetic material were present in all sampling sites. NoV was absent in all samples. The presence of genetic material from PAdV and PCV2 was detected in 30% and 45% of the 36 analyzed samples, respectively, with an average of 10 2 gc mL -1 for PAdV and 10 4 gc mL -1 for PCV2. HAdV was present in 100% of the samples, with an average of 10 4 gc mL -1. However, in plaque assay, only 36% of the samples were positive. As viable particles of HAdV were found in drinking water, these results confirm that swine manure and human sewage impact surface water and groundwater, endangering water quality and indicating a potential risk to public health.

Human and animal enteric virus in groundwater from deep wells, and recreational and network water

“…In a similar study, Garcia et al (2012) detected human and animal virus in drinking water from a deep well in Concórdia City; however, lower values were detected when compared with the current study. This fact may signal the contamination increasing in Concórdia City groundwater.…”

Microbiological quality and genotoxic potential of surface water located above the Guarani aquifer

“…Schneider et al (2009) isolated E. coli from Suruvi river (surface water) and wells located near the river (groundwater), and the results showed that from the 205 E. coli isolates, more than a half were resistant to antibiotics (63 % from groundwater and 52 % from surface water). Garcia et al (2012) evaluated water from Pinhal river (located about 20 km from the Suruvi river), and detected the presence of enteric viruses from human and swine origin; besides, Palhares et al (2014), also studying Pinhal river and applying the same isolation method as the present study, found Salmonella spp. resistant to more than 20 antimicrobials.…”

Contaminação viral e bacteriana em águas subterrâneas na porção aflorante do Aquífero Guaraní, município de Ivoti, RS

“…Em São Paulo, houve contaminação em 53,3% dos poços em área rural (Piranha e Pacheco, 2004) e 66,6% de contaminação em aquífero freático de um cemitério (Matos e Pacheco, 2002). Em trabalho realizado no estado de Santa Catarina, todos os poços analisados em uma área de produção suinícola apresentaram AdV humano e suíno (Garcia et al, 2012). No Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, no município de Tenente Portela, a presença de AdV na porção de confinamento do SAG demonstrou contaminação em 100% dos pontos amostrados em fazendas de produção leiteira (Spilki et al, 2013), podendo indicar contaminação proveniente das áreas de recarga do aquífero.…”