Surveillance of Genetic Variations Associated with Antimalarial Resistance of Plasmodium falciparum Isolates from Returned Migrant Workers in Wuhan, Central China

Abstract

Antimalarial drug resistance developed in has become a problem for malaria control. Evaluation of drug resistance is the first step for effective malaria control. In this study, we investigated the gene mutations of using blood samples from returned Chinese migrant workers in order to identify drug resistance-associated molecular markers. These workers returned from Africa and Southeast Asia (SEA) during 2011 to 2016. Polymorphisms in ,, and genes and the haplotype patterns of Pfcrt and Pfmdr1 were analyzed. The results showed the presence of four haplotypes of Pfcrt codons 72 to 76, including CVMNK (wild type),VMN and CV (mutation types), and CV M N K (mixed type), with 50.57%, 1.14%, 25.00%, and 23.30% prevalence, respectively. For Pfmdr1, N86 (22.28%) and Y184 (60.01%) were the main prevalent mutations (mutations are underlined). The prevalence of mutation at position 550, 561, 575, and 589 of K13-propeller were 1.09%, 0.54%, 0.54%, and 0.54%, respectively. These data suggested that Pfcrt, Pfmdr1, and K13-propeller polymorphisms are potential markers to assess drug resistance of in China, Africa, and SEA.

Molecular Surveillance of Antimalarial Resistance Pfcrt, Pfmdr1 and Pfk13 Polymorphisms in African Plasmodium Falciparum Imported Parasites to Wuhan, China

“…Unfortunately, ART-resistant strains have been reported in SEA, which has raised global awareness of malaria treatment and management [7]. In our previous study, an R561H mutation of pfk13 was found in a sample from Rwanda, Africa, in 2016 [8]. A recent study found the mutation was independent occurred in Africa [9], con rming our previous ndings.…”

“…In Africa, the mutation rate of the pfk13 remains relatively low level. Recently, the newly discovered local drug resistance mutation site in Africa-R561H [8,9,14]. The 72-76 amino acid mutation in Pfcrt, especially the K76T mutation, was the primary marker of CQR [10,15].…”

The Diversity of the Plasmodium falciparum K13 Propeller Domain Did Not Increase after Implementation of Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapy in Uganda

“…However, the pressure of millions of doses of ACTs offers continued risk of resistance selection. Polymorphisms associated with resistance in Southeast Asia (1, 10) have already been reported at low frequencies in African P. falciparum populations (12,18,21,34,38,(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48). It is likely only a matter of time before a favorable combination of variants allows resistant parasites to gain a foothold in Africa, and continued surveillance and work to improve tools to detect early indicators of resistance will be essential.…”

Kelch13 and MDR1 Polymorphisms, and Drug Effectiveness at Day 3 after Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine Treatment for Plasmodium falciparum Malaria on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea: 2014-2017

“…In order to capture MDR1 SNPs at codons 86, 130, 184, 1034, 1042, 1109, and 1246, a nest PCR were performed to amplify 2 shorter fragments (Fig. 1B) as our previous reports (28,29).…”