Surveillance of Adenovirus D in patients with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis from Fukui Prefecture, Japan, 1995–2010

Abstract

Human adenoviruses species D (HAdV-D) are known to cause severe epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. However, the isolation rate of HAdV-D is not high, because HAdV-D is usually slow to propagate. Although new types of HAdV-D have been reported, accurate surveillance has not been performed because of difficulties in culturing the viruses and lack of a practical identification method. In this study, HAdV-Ds were detected and identified from patients with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis in the Fukui Prefecture during 1995-2010 by PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) of DNA, and conventional virus isolation and neutralization tests. All samples were subjected to culture and PCR and LAMP. A total of 124 strains of HAdV-D were detected from 157 patients with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. The strains consisted of the following types: D8 (n = 8), D19 (n = 4), D37 (n = 40), D53 (n = 5), D54 (n = 66), and D56 (n = 1). Among these, D53, D54, and D56 are new types that have been reported recently. The results of this study demonstrated that new types of HAdV-D caused epidemic keratoconjunctivitis during 1995-2010, and included an outbreak of keratoconjunctivitis caused by HAdV-D54. The LAMP method was able to detect and identify HAdV-D53 and HAdV-D54 in 1 hr, and may therefore be applicable for use at the bedside.

Etiology of Acute Conjunctivitis Due to Coxsackievirus A24 Variant, Human Adenovirus, Herpes Simplex Virus, and Chlamydia in Beijing, China

“…HAdV is an important causative agent of acute conjunctivitis in many countries and the primary cause of viral conjunctivitis in East Asia, including Japan and Korea, and affects approximately 1 million people in Japan per year (9,23). In this study, the positive rate of HAdV was 42.23z, which is consistent with the prevalence of 49z throughout East Asia in the 1980s (24).…”

Isolation and characterization of a novel recombinant human adenovirus species D

“…According to the national surveillance of HAdVs in Japan (Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, 2011), most HAdVs detected in PCF patients belong to the species HAdV-B and HAdV-C, with the most common type being HAdV-3 (HAdV-B) (Fujimoto et al, 2008;Enomoto et al, 2010). However, several types belonging to the species HAdV-D, which are the major cause of keratoconjunctivitis (including types Kaneko et al, 2011a;Nakamura et al, 2012), were rarely observed in the PCF patients under our surveillance, and instead were mainly detected in keratoconjunctivitis patients. Recombination, the process by which circulating viruses exchange genes (preferentially within the same species), is important for HAdV evolution (Lukashev et al, 2008).…”

Investigation of Adenoviruses in Patients with Conjunctivitis by Various Methods

“…, 56 cause epidemic keratoconjunctivitis and serotypes 3, 4 and 7 cause pharyngoconjunctival fever (5,7,8). Outbreaks of adenoviral infections are common (9).…”

“…Adenoviral eye infections are clinically seen as follicular conjunctivitis, pharyngoconjunctival fever and epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (6). In general; serotypes 1-11, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22 cause conjunctivitis, serotypes 2,3,4,5,7,8,10,11,19,21,22,29,34, 37, 53, 54, 56 cause epidemic keratoconjunctivitis and serotypes 3, 4 and 7 cause pharyngoconjunctival fever (5,7,8). Outbreaks of adenoviral infections are common (9).…”