“…The Azov-Black Sea region of Ukraine is part of three transcontinental wild bird migration routes: the West Asia-East Africa, East Atlantic, and Black Sea-Mediterranean flyways ( 30 , 31 , 45 ). This region is comprised of areas for transit, stops during migration, and nesting for many bird species, which makes it one of the highly important regions in Eurasia for monitoring and studying the global circulation of NDV and predicting the emergence of new strains possibly transmitted by wild birds.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Ukraine occupies a unique geographical location in central and Eastern Europe, where the West Asia-East Africa flyways of wild migratory birds cross the Black Sea-Mediterranean, and East Atlantic flyways ( 30 , 31 ). The natural conditions such as climate and the abundance of wetlands with an area of more than 590,000 ha in Ukraine contribute to the year-round presence of a large number of wild birds.…”
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infects a wide range of bird species worldwide and is of importance to the poultry industry. Although certain virus genotypes are clearly associated with wild bird species, the role of those species in the movement of viruses and the migratory routes they follow is still unclear. In this study, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of nineteen NDV sequences that were identified among 21,924 samples collected from wild and synanthropic birds from different regions of Ukraine from 2006 to 2015 and compared them with isolates from other continents. In synanthropic birds, NDV strains of genotype II, VI, VII, and XXI of class II were detected. The fusion gene sequences of these strains were similar to strains detected in birds from different geographical regions of Europe and Asia. However, it is noteworthy to mention the isolation of vaccine viruses from synanthropic birds, suggesting the possibility of their role in viral transmission from vaccinated poultry to wild birds, which may lead to the further spreading of vaccine viruses into other regions during wild bird migration. Moreover, here we present the first publicly available complete NDV F gene from a crow (genus Corvus). Additionally, our phylogenetic results indicated a possible connection of Ukrainian NDV isolates with genotype XXI strains circulating in Kazakhstan. Among strains from wild birds, NDVs of genotype 1 of class I and genotype I of class II were detected. The phylogenetic analysis highlighted the possible exchange of these NDV strains between wild waterfowl from the Azov-Black Sea region of Ukraine and waterfowl from different continents, including Europe, Asia, and Africa.
“…The Azov-Black Sea region of Ukraine is part of three transcontinental wild bird migration routes: the West Asia-East Africa, East Atlantic, and Black Sea-Mediterranean flyways ( 30 , 31 , 45 ). This region is comprised of areas for transit, stops during migration, and nesting for many bird species, which makes it one of the highly important regions in Eurasia for monitoring and studying the global circulation of NDV and predicting the emergence of new strains possibly transmitted by wild birds.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Ukraine occupies a unique geographical location in central and Eastern Europe, where the West Asia-East Africa flyways of wild migratory birds cross the Black Sea-Mediterranean, and East Atlantic flyways ( 30 , 31 ). The natural conditions such as climate and the abundance of wetlands with an area of more than 590,000 ha in Ukraine contribute to the year-round presence of a large number of wild birds.…”
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infects a wide range of bird species worldwide and is of importance to the poultry industry. Although certain virus genotypes are clearly associated with wild bird species, the role of those species in the movement of viruses and the migratory routes they follow is still unclear. In this study, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of nineteen NDV sequences that were identified among 21,924 samples collected from wild and synanthropic birds from different regions of Ukraine from 2006 to 2015 and compared them with isolates from other continents. In synanthropic birds, NDV strains of genotype II, VI, VII, and XXI of class II were detected. The fusion gene sequences of these strains were similar to strains detected in birds from different geographical regions of Europe and Asia. However, it is noteworthy to mention the isolation of vaccine viruses from synanthropic birds, suggesting the possibility of their role in viral transmission from vaccinated poultry to wild birds, which may lead to the further spreading of vaccine viruses into other regions during wild bird migration. Moreover, here we present the first publicly available complete NDV F gene from a crow (genus Corvus). Additionally, our phylogenetic results indicated a possible connection of Ukrainian NDV isolates with genotype XXI strains circulating in Kazakhstan. Among strains from wild birds, NDVs of genotype 1 of class I and genotype I of class II were detected. The phylogenetic analysis highlighted the possible exchange of these NDV strains between wild waterfowl from the Azov-Black Sea region of Ukraine and waterfowl from different continents, including Europe, Asia, and Africa.
“…The previously isolated Ukrainian APMV-13 strain white-fronted goose/Ukraine/Askania-Nova/48-15-02/2011 ( KX119151 ) shared only 96.79% nucleotide identity with the isolate presented in this study. This may be explained by intercontinental viral transmission, as the Azov-Black Sea region of Ukraine is one of the major stopping point locations for migratory birds ( 2 , 22 – 25 ). This complete genome sequence information of APMV-13 from Ukraine expands our knowledge and facilitates future studies on orthoavulavirus diversity and evolution.…”
We report the complete genome sequence of an avian orthoavulavirus 13 strain, isolated from a white-fronted goose in the Odesa region of Ukraine in 2013. The detection of avian orthoavulavirus 13 in Ukraine confirms that the geographic distribution of this virus extends beyond Asia.
“…All viruses isolated were from three species of dabbling ducks: mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), wigeon (Anas penelope), and garganey (Anas querquedula), making the frequency of virus recovery for dabbling ducks 6.3%. The viruses were mainly isolated during the fall sampling period (Kulak et al, 2010;Vorotilova et al, 2015). 62% of cases were reported in the Eastern Sivash lagoon behind the narrow Arabat Spit (whose previously saline waters had been flooded with fresh water from the North-Crimean Canal from Ukraine since 1963), 23% in the Black Sea littoral of the Feodosia municipality and the Chernomorsky and Krasnoperekopsky districts and 15% in Central Crimea (Simferipolsky, Belogorsky and Krasnogvardeisky districts).…”
Section: Monitoring Avian Influenza In Crimea: Dnepr and Azov-black S...mentioning
Aim. Formulation of the outlines of the concept of ViEW (Viral Early Warning) which is intended as a long term system of multidisciplinary transboundary cooperation between specialist institutions of all five Caspian region states to research, regularly monitor and share data about the generation, transmission and epidemiology of avian‐borne pathogens and their vectors in the region, and the ways climate change may affect these processes.Material and Methods. The concept is based on the multidisciplinary experience of the authors in researching the processes incorporated in the ViEW concept and on an in‐depth survey of the literature involved.Results. The outlines of the ViEW concept are presented in this study for review and comment by interested parties and stakeholders.Conclusion. Review of activities and opinions of specialists and organizations with remits relating to the development, establishment and maintenance of ViEW, indicates that such a system is a necessity for global animal and human health because of the role that the Caspian region plays in the mass migration of species of waterbird known as vectors for avian influenza and the already evident impacts of climate change on their phenologies. Waterbirds frequenting the Caspian Sea littorals and their habitats together constitute a major potential global hotspot or High Risk region for the generation and transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses and other dangerous zoonotic diseases.
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