Surto de Trypanosoma vivax em rebanhos bovinos na Zona da Mata do estado de Pernambuco

Ono, Masaji; Souto, Pollyanna Cordeiro; Cruz, Jefferson Ayrton Leite de Oliveira; Guerra, Neurisvan Ramos; Guimarães, Janaina Azevedo; Dantas, Alexandre Cruz; Alves, Lêucio Câmara; Rizzo, Huber

doi:10.26605/medvet-n2-1737

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Nos exames hematológicos realizados, as alterações observadas foram anemia normocítica normocrômica, trombocitopenia, leucocitose por linfocitose, monocitose e eosinofilia. Trabalhos com resultados hematológicos semelhantes também já foram descritos [9,15].…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Trypanosoma vivax in Dairy Cattle

Lopes

Prado²,

Martins

et al. 2018

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Trypanosoma vivax is a protozoan that causes reproductive disorders and decreased production in domestic and wild ungulate animals. The bovine are the main hosts of the disease and the transmission occurs by the bite of hematophagous insects, mainly tabanids. Several diagnostic techniques can be used to detect the parasite, both in parasitologicalform and by serological kits. In Brazil, the disease has been reported in bovines, goats and sheep of some states, with high morbidity and mortality and due to the scarcity of results on the epidemiology of the disease, this work had the objective to report the presence of T. vivax in a female bovine of a dairy herd in Parnaíba county, Piauí.Case: The animal naturally infected by Trypanosoma vivax, was a three-year-old cow from a dairy farm in the Parnaíba county, located in the north of Piauí state. The farm had a herd whith 62.20% of young Girolando breed cows and the breeding system used was semi-confinement, with two mechanical milking per day. At the time of a Veterinarian’s technicalvisit to the property, it was observed the occurrence of abortions, mastitis, estrus repetitions and cows with hematuria, leading to the suspicion of the bovine leptospirosis occurrence. Blood samples were collected from 78 cows from the herd for hematological, biochemical and serological tests, and 72 (92.30%) were reactive to some Leptospira serovars. All the exams were carried out at the Federal University of Piauí (UFPI). In the group of animals negative for leptospirosis, a female was diagnosed positive for bovine trypanosomiasis, confirming the result in the blood smear. This animal had no clinical signs characteristic of the disease at the time of the evaluation.Discussion: Blood trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma vivax were visualized on several slides of the animal smear and all the morphological structures of the parasite found were clearly seen under microscopyas described in the literature. The hematological alterations observed were normochromic normocytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis due tolymphocytosis, monocytosis and eosinophilia. The anemia and leukocytosis clinical condition found in the specific animal is commonly found in bovines naturally infected by trypanosomiasis in the chronic phase of the disease. The results of the serum biochemistry revealed decreased blood glucose and increased renal and hepatic parameters, as well as the inversion of the albumin-globulin ratio. Similar laboratory results were also described previously. The animal had a good body score, a good diet and showed no clinical signs of the disease. A good nutrition may have controlled the T. vivax parasitaemia, avoiding the characterization of the clinical condition. This fact can be attributed to the differences in pathogenicity of the parasite and/or susceptibility of a particular host. In the area of the farm where the cattle were housed the presence ofseveral tabanids was noticed and the increase of these insects in the environment is considered a risk factor, predisposing, even, the occurrence of new outbreaks. The epidemiological situation of the disease in Brazil is described, for the most part, by reports of outbreaks or specific events, revealing the lack of more consistent studies. With this result it is knownthat trypanosomiasis exists in the dairy herd of the state of Piauí, being important to carry out new work to diagnose the epidemiological situation of the disease within the productive context of our region.Keywords: bovine, dairy herd, trypanosomiasis.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Trypanosoma vivax in Dairy Cattle

Lopes

Prado²,

Martins

et al. 2018

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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“…The most relevant pathogenic aspect of these agents is marked anemia, leading to high mortality rates in non-immunized cattle herds (Kessler & Schenk, 1998). Another protozoan that has been diagnosed in the Brazilian cattle herd and associated with clinical signs and financial losses similar to those caused by cattle tick fever, is Trypanosoma vivax (A. S. Silva et al, 2009;Cuglovici et al, 2010;Cadioli et al, 2012;Ono et al, 2017;Pereira et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trypanosoma vivax is considered the most pathogenic and important for cattle species (Gardiner, 1989;Germano et al, 2018). In Brazil, mechanical transmission is often observed by the bite of hematophagous insects such as tabanids and stable flies, as well as by needles contaminated with infected blood (R. A. M. S. Silva et al, 2002;Batista et al, 2008;Dagnachew & Bezie, 2015;Ono et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina and Trypanosoma vivax in the brain and spleen of dairy cows of Rio Grande do Sul

Rigo,

Martins,

Islabão

et al. 2023

Sem. Ci. Agr.

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Cattle tick fever and bovine trypanosomosis are diseases that negatively impact cattle production in Brazil, causing considerably productive losses and animals death. In this study, the objective was to investigate the presence of the four hemoparasites that mostly affect dairy herds (A. marginale, B. bovis, B. bigemina and T. vivax) using the qPCR technique in discarded dairy cows in the northwestern region of Rio Grande do Sul. For this purpose, brain and spleen tissue biopsies were collected at a local slaughterhouse from 64 dairy cattle from this region. DNA extraction from the samples was performed using the Brazol® reagent, their quantity and purity were obtained through spectrophotometer analysis with NanoDropTM. In the brain samples, DNA detection was performed for T. vivax and B. bovis, and in the spleen, DNA of the four agents was verified. From a total of 64 brain samples analyzed, 14.06 % were positive for Babesia bovis. For spleen samples, Babesia bovis was detected in 17.19 % of the samples, while 29.69 % tested positive for B. bigemina and 37.50 % for Anaplasma marginale. Regarding Trypanosoma vivax, none of the analyzed samples resulted in a positive diagnosis in both tissues. Thus, the findings highlighted that B. bovis, B. bigemina and A. marginale are present in the dairy cattle herd of the northwestern regions of Rio Grande do Sul, with a higher percentage of A. marginale; on the other hand, T. vivax was not diagnosed in the present study.

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Global distribution, host range and prevalence of Trypanosoma vivax: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2021

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Background Trypanosomosis caused by Trypanosoma vivax is one of the diseases threatening the health and productivity of livestock in Africa and Latin America. Trypanosoma vivax is mainly transmitted by tsetse flies; however, the parasite has also acquired the ability to be transmitted mechanically by hematophagous dipterans. Understanding its distribution, host range and prevalence is a key step in local and global efforts to control the disease. Methods The study was conducted according to the methodological recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. A systematic literature search was conducted on three search engines, namely PubMed, Scopus and CAB Direct, to identify all publications reporting natural infection of T. vivax across the world. All the three search engines were screened using the search term Trypanosoma vivax without time and language restrictions. Publications on T. vivax that met our inclusion criteria were considered for systematic review and meta-analysis. Result The study provides a global database of T. vivax, consisting of 899 records from 245 peer-reviewed articles in 41 countries. A total of 232, 6277 tests were performed on 97 different mammalian hosts, including a wide range of wild animals. Natural infections of T. vivax were recorded in 39 different African and Latin American countries and 47 mammalian host species. All the 245 articles were included into the qualitative analysis, while information from 186 cross-sectional studies was used in the quantitative analysis mainly to estimate the pooled prevalence. Pooled prevalence estimates of T. vivax in domestic buffalo, cattle, dog, dromedary camel, equine, pig, small ruminant and wild animals were 30.6%, 6.4%, 2.6%, 8.4%, 3.7%, 5.5%, 3.8% and 12.9%, respectively. Stratified according to the diagnostic method, the highest pooled prevalences were found with serological techniques in domesticated buffalo (57.6%) followed by equine (50.0%) and wild animals (49.3%). Conclusion The study provides a comprehensive dataset on the geographical distribution and host range of T. vivax and demonstrates the potential of this parasite to invade other countries out of Africa and Latin America.

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Surto de Trypanosoma vivax em rebanhos bovinos na Zona da Mata do estado de Pernambuco

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Trypanosoma vivax in Dairy Cattle

Trypanosoma vivax in Dairy Cattle

Investigation of Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina and Trypanosoma vivax in the brain and spleen of dairy cows of Rio Grande do Sul

Global distribution, host range and prevalence of Trypanosoma vivax: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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