Surrogate Measures of Physical Activity and Physical Fitness

Blair, Steven N.; Kannel, William B.; Kohl, Harold W.; Goodyear, Nancy; Wilson, Peter W.F.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115236

Cited by 135 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Our results show that VO2 prediction models that do not require physical exercise can produce valid estimates for the VO2 peak for both men and women who are apparently healthy, active or sedentary, and aged 18 to 65 years. Our results are similar to those reported by Blair et al 26 (adjusted R 2 = 0.59; SEE not reported); Nes et al 27 •min), which used BMI as an alternative for body fat percentage (adjusted R 2 = 0.66 and SEE = 5.35) in the main equation. The reason for using BMI is that it is easy to measure.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The independent variables age, body mass, physical activity status, stature, HR pre-t , and smoking have been widely investigated in studies that predict CRF without physical exercise; the importance of these variables is shown by the statistical results [17][18][19]26,29 . However, to our knowledge, no other study evaluated the effect of metabolic (dyslipidemia and diabetes) and hemodynamic (arterial hypertension) disorders for the prediction of VO2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Equações de predição da aptidão cardiorrespiratória de adultos sem teste de exercícios físicos

Cáceres

Ulbrich

Panigas

et al. 2012

Rev. Bras. Cineantropom. Desempenho Hum.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-The most accurate tool for assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness is cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). However, CPET requires expensive equipment, trained technicians and time, which limits their use in population studies. In view of this issue, the present study aims to develop regression equations for predicting the cardiorespiratory fitness of adults using simple measurement variables. The study used data from 8,293 subjects, 5,291 male and 3,235 female (age range, 18 to 65 years). The sample was recruited in Florianopolis, Santa Catarina. To develop equations for prediction of peak oxygen uptake (VO 2peak ), the data associated were: fitness, age, body mass, height, resting heart rate, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and smoking. After statistical analyses, two equations for men and two for women were developed. The complete equations showed an adjusted R 2 = 0.531 and a standard error of estimate (SEE) = 7.15 ml -1•kg -1•min for men and R 2 = 0.436 and SEE = 5.68 ml -1•kg -1•min for women. We conclude that the model developed for prediction of cardiorespiratory fitness is feasible and practical for prediction of VO 2peak in epidemiological studies or when CPET cannot be performed.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equações de predição da aptidão cardiorrespiratória de adultos sem teste de exercícios físicos

Cáceres

Ulbrich

Panigas

et al. 2012

Rev. Bras. Cineantropom. Desempenho Hum.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In this study, the validity of the reported physical activity could be indirectly validated by surrogate measures of physical fitness, as reflected by decreasing resting pulse and BMI with increasing physical activity ( Table 1). [21][22][23] The potential bias of misclassification due to inaccuracy of diagnosis coded on death certificates is unlikely to be related to different levels of physical activity and to explain the negative association observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Physical Activity and Stroke Mortality in Women

Ellekjær

Holmen

Ellekjær

et al. 2000

Stroke

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and Purpose-Few studies have reported a protective effect of physical activity on stroke in women, particularly among elderly women. This study was conducted to examine the association between different levels of leisure-time physical activity and stroke mortality in a large prospective study of middle-aged and elderly women. Methods-We conducted a 10-year mortality follow-up of women aged Ն50 years, free from stroke at baseline (nϭ14 101), who participated in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Survey in Norway during 1984 -1986. Main outcome measures were relative risk of stroke mortality according to increasing levels of physical activity, with the least active group used as reference. Results-In groups aged 50 to 69, 70 to 79, and 80 to 101 years, the relative risk of dying decreased with increasing physical activity, after adjustment for potentially confounding factors. In groups aged 50 to 69 and 70 to 79 years, the most active women had an adjusted relative risk of 0.42 (95% CI, 0.24 to 0.75) and 0.56 (95% CI, 0.36 to 0.88), respectively. In the group aged 80 to 101 years, there was a consistent negative association with physical activity; the adjusted relative risk for the most active was 0.57 (95% CI, 0.30 to 1.09). Conclusions-Physical activity was associated with reduced risk of death from stroke in middle-aged and elderly women.This association persisted after we excluded individuals with prevalent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease at baseline and women who died during the first 2 years of follow-up. These observations strengthen the evidence that physical activity should be part of a primary prevention strategy against stroke in women. (Stroke. 2000;31:14-18.)

show abstract

“…Resting heart rate, an indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness and therefore a proxy for regular physical activity,34 35 was also recorded. Lung function, as indexed by forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ), was determined using spirometry.…”

Section: Design and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

IQ in late adolescence/early adulthood, risk factors in middle age and later all-cause mortality in men: the Vietnam Experience Study

Batty

Shipley

Mortensen

et al. 2008

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To examine the role of potential mediating factors in explaining the IQ-mortality relation. Design, setting and participants: A total of 4316 male former Vietnam-era US army personnel with IQ test results at entry into the service in late adolescence/early adulthood in the 1960/1970s (mean age at entry 20.4 years) participated in a telephone survey and medical examination in middle age (mean age 38.3 years) in 1985-6. They were then followed up for mortality experience for 15 years. Main results: In age-adjusted analyses, higher IQ scores were associated with reduced rates of total mortality (hazard ratio (HR) per SD increase in IQ 0.71; 95% CI 0.63 to 0.81). This relation did not appear to be heavily confounded by early socioeconomic position or ethnicity. The impact of adjusting for some potentially mediating risk indices measured in middle age on the IQ-mortality relation (marital status, alcohol consumption, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, blood glucose, body mass index, psychiatric and somatic illness at medical examination) was negligible (,10% attenuation in risk). Controlling for others (cigarette smoking, lung function) had a modest impact (10-17%). Education (0.79; 0.69 to 0.92), occupational prestige (0.77; 0.68 to 0.88) and income (0.86; 0.75 to 0.98) yielded the greatest attenuation in the IQ-mortality gradient (21-52%); after their collective adjustment, the IQ-mortality link was effectively eliminated (0.92; 0.79 to 1.07). Conclusions: In this cohort, socioeconomic position in middle age might lie on the pathway linking earlier IQ with later mortality risk but might also partly act as a surrogate for cognitive ability.Higher mental ability (denoted here as IQ) in childhood and early adulthood is inversely associated with all-cause mortality rates in populations followed for up to six decades.1 That is, high IQ test scores seem to confer protection against premature death. Importantly, the fact that IQ is measured in the first two decades of life in these studies, and is therefore likely to be pre-morbid, suggests that the IQ-mortality gradient is unlikely to be explained by reverse causality whereby comorbidity, rather than low cognitive function, is generating the relation.Despite several reports of this IQ-mortality association appearing in the past five years, 1 important questions remain. In particular, given that the IQ-mortality association does not seem to be explained by selection bias, statistical chance or confounding by early life factors, 1 particularly socioeconomic position, there has been debate regarding the mechanisms that might underpin this gradient. 2 3 One of the most persuasive is that the IQ-mortality gradient is mediated by established behavioural, biological, socioeconomic and psychological risk factors for premature mortality. A strong prima facie for this explanation can be found in a series of studies of populations followed into middle age showing that higher earlier IQ test scores are associated with a lower prevalence of obesity...

show abstract

Surrogate Measures of Physical Activity and Physical Fitness

Cited by 135 publications

References 4 publications

Equações de predição da aptidão cardiorrespiratória de adultos sem teste de exercícios físicos

Equações de predição da aptidão cardiorrespiratória de adultos sem teste de exercícios físicos

Physical Activity and Stroke Mortality in Women

IQ in late adolescence/early adulthood, risk factors in middle age and later all-cause mortality in men: the Vietnam Experience Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About