Surrogate Detection for Continuous Emission Monitoring by Resonance Ionization

Tanada, Tony N.; Velazquez, J.; Hemmi, Naoki; Cool, Terrill A.

doi:10.1080/00102209408951881

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The TOFMS allows the recording of the complete mass spectrum with every laser shot. A detection limit in the ppt range for several aromatic compounds has been achieved with various REMPI-TOFMS instruments, for example, 50 pptv for toluene at 266.7 nm, 15 5 pptv for naphthalene at 278.5 nm 16 and 25 pptv for naphthalene at 248 nm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-line resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization time-of-flight laser mass spectrometry for combined multi-component-pattern analysis and target-compound monitoring: non-chlorinated aromatics and chlorobenzene in flue gases of combustion processes

Heger

Boesl

Zimmermann

et al. 1999

Eur. J. Mass Spectrom.

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Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) allows different degrees of optical ionization selectivity. The selectivity achievable with the REMPI-method is compared with that of other ionization methods for on-line mass spectrometry. "Semiselective" REMPI with effusive molecular beam inlet allows group selective ionization of mono-and polycyclic aromatic compounds and their methylated derivatives (REMPI at 266 nm). The patterns of the above mentioned aromatic compounds in flue gases can be used for characterization of industrial combustion processes. In this work, a novel approach of "semi-selective" REMPI for measurement of the patterns of mono-and polycyclic aromatic compounds, with additional simultaneous target compound monitoring, is presented. By using REMPI at 269.8 nm monochloro benzene, which is an important indicator for the toxicity of the flue gas, can be monitored, together with the other aromatics. On-line recorded REMPI mass spectra from the flue gas of an industrial hazardous waste incineration plant are presented. The applications of REMPI on-line monitoring at incineration plants are discussed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-line resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization time-of-flight laser mass spectrometry for combined multi-component-pattern analysis and target-compound monitoring: non-chlorinated aromatics and chlorobenzene in flue gases of combustion processes

Heger

Boesl

Zimmermann

et al. 1999

Eur. J. Mass Spectrom.

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“…In areas of low oxygen content known as "pyrolytic pockets" (17), PIC are created. These areas are associated with poor micromixing of oxygen, fuel, and waste (5,6,11,(18)(19)(20). Replication of these pyrolytic pockets in the laboratory would generate the same PIC as incineration of the waste under worst-case conditions (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Pyrolysis GC/MS for Predicting Emission Byproducts from the Incineration of Double-Base Propellant

Kemme

Day

Cochran³

2002

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to analyze the pyrolytic byproducts from an Army-unique propellant compound (AA2) that is composed of predominantly nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin. Compounds produced by AA2 pyrolysis were compared to compounds detected in the gaseous effluent from AA2 incineration. The light permanent gases and most of the higher molecular weight byproducts produced by AA2 incineration are replicated by laboratory pyrolysis on AA2. The reverse case also holds whereby 18 out of 24 high molecular weight AA2 pyrolytic byproducts are found in the incinerator emissions. Poor matching, however, was obtained between the two processes for the volatile, water-soluble species. None of these low molecular weight compounds produced under pyrolytic conditions were detected in the AA2 incinerator samples, likely indicating inefficient capture of these compounds from the effluent stream. Separate pyrolytic degradation of the individual components of AA2 provides evidence that nearly all of the incomplete combustion products detected during incineration originate not from the prevalent energetic ingredients but rather from the minor and trace additives in AA2. In addition, pyrolysis successfully identified the AA2 components capable of surviving the incineration process intact. This work illustrates the potential of bench-scale pyrolysis for predicting incineration behavior.

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“…In terms of environmental concerns, it is important to describe and understand the production, transport, transformation, and removal of substances from the atmosphere. Process control , e.g., for operation of municipal waste incinerators, can prevent or minimize production of toxic substances such as dioxins. − In medical research it was recently shown that time-resolved analysis of disease-related trace components in the exhaled air of humans (e.g., NO) may substantially improve non invasive medical diagnostic techniques. − …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Pressure Laser Ionization. An Analytical Technique for Highly Selective Detection of Ultralow Concentrations in the Gas Phase

et al. 1999

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In this contribution a new analytical technique is presented for the direct mass spectrometric (MS) detection of gas-phase trace species at atmospheric pressure. Employing resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) close to the inlet nozzle orifice, i.e., at high molecule densities, the sensitivity of the instrument has been increased by up to 3 orders of magnitude as compared to conventional REMPI-MS with ionization in a differentially coupled ion source. Furthermore, adiabatic cooling, resonant ionization, and mass-selective detection establish a highly selective analytical technique. Several atmospherically relevant compounds were investigated. The current detection limit for NO is 0.9 pptv, for acetaldehyde 1.7 pptv, for CO 15 pptv, and for 2,5-dichlorotoluene 12 pptv. We discuss APLI with regard to applications in medical and environmental research.

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Surrogate Detection for Continuous Emission Monitoring by Resonance Ionization

Cited by 21 publications

References 40 publications

On-line resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization time-of-flight laser mass spectrometry for combined multi-component-pattern analysis and target-compound monitoring: non-chlorinated aromatics and chlorobenzene in flue gases of combustion processes

On-line resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization time-of-flight laser mass spectrometry for combined multi-component-pattern analysis and target-compound monitoring: non-chlorinated aromatics and chlorobenzene in flue gases of combustion processes

Use of Pyrolysis GC/MS for Predicting Emission Byproducts from the Incineration of Double-Base Propellant

Atmospheric Pressure Laser Ionization. An Analytical Technique for Highly Selective Detection of Ultralow Concentrations in the Gas Phase

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