Surging glacier landsystem of Tungnaárjökull, Iceland

Evans, David J. A.; Twigg, David; Rea, Brice R.; Orton, Chris

doi:10.4113/jom.2009.1064

Cited by 36 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The units are colour-coded on the map and landforms are depicted using symbology, both following the protocol established for previous Icelandic glacier foreland maps (Bennett et al 2010;Evans & Twigg 2002;Evans, Twigg, & Shand 2006a, 2007, 2009a, 2009bHowarth & Welch 1969a, 1969b. …”

Section: Glacial Geomorphology and Surficial Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Heinabergsjökull and Skalafellsjökull, Iceland: active temperate piedmont lobe and outwash head glacial landsystem

Evans

Orton

2014

Journal of Maps

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A 1:15,000 scale map of the glacial geomorphology and surficial geology of the Heinabergsjökull and Skalafellsjökull glacier forelands in southeast Iceland depicts a landsystem imprint of actively receding temperate glaciers in a mountain terrain with a high glacifluvial sediment yield. The landsystem is characterised by the three diagnostic depositional domains for active temperate glacier systems (marginal morainic; subglacial; glacifluvial/glacilacustrine) together with site-specific landform-sediment assemblages indicative of jökulhlaup drainage from ice-dammed lakes. Other features are overridden moraines and fluted kame terraces, indicative of ice-marginal and glacifluvial palimpsests preserved beneath temperate glacier ice. A significant outwash head in front of Heinabergsjökull records the long-term accumulation of proglacial outwash and was responsible for a radical change in proglacial drainage patterns (topographically unrestricted to restricted) once the glacier snout had receded from the ice-contact face of the landform. The Heinabergsjökull/ Skalafellsjökull foreland constitutes a modern analogue for active temperate piedmont lobes associated with the construction of large outwash heads fed by high glacifluvial sediment yields. This is one of the most common glacial depositional scenarios associated with the more restricted, mountain-based, average glaciation style during a typical cold stage.

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Section: Glacial Geomorphology and Surficial Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Heinabergsjökull and Skalafellsjökull, Iceland: active temperate piedmont lobe and outwash head glacial landsystem

Evans

Orton

2014

Journal of Maps

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“…Benn, Kirkbride, Owen, & Brazier, 2003;Evans et al, 2009Evans et al, , 2015aEvans et al, , 2015bEvans & Rea, 2003;Evans & Twigg, 2002;O'Cofaigh, Evans, & England, 2003). However, in some cases, glacial forelands can contain overprinted landform-sediment assemblages representative of spatial and/or temporal change in glacier dynamics (Evans, 2011;Evans et al, 2010).…”

Section: Glacial Landsystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The general shape of the wider ridges and their location in local depressions suggest that they are possible debris-covered eskers, emerging as the dead-ice around the sediment-filled englacial channels melts out (Figure 3(f)) (cf. Evans, Twigg, Rea, & Orton, 2009). …”

Section: Morainesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glacial geomorphology of the terrestrial margins of the tidewater glacier, Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard

2016

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A 1:4000 scale map of the terrestrial margins of the foreland of Nordenskiöldbreen depicts a polythermal glacial landsystem containing a record of the landform signatures of individual ice flow units that operate within the glacier snout. A 1:700 map provides a detailed overview of fluted terrain, based on unmanned aerial vehicle images captured in 2014. The pattern of landforms lying inside the Little Ice Age (LIA) latero-frontal moraine on the northern side of the fjord comprises a fluted till surface, which in turn grades into icemoulded bedrock. This signature records the recession of a single, wide ice flow unit, which was characterised by limited incorporation of subglacial material and restricted delivery of supraglacial debris. Inside the latero-frontal moraine on the south side of the fjord, a fluted surface is subordinate to a pronounced and large ice-cored moraine complex related to the confluence of five narrower ice flow units, each of which transported significant quantities of englacial and supraglacial debris at their suture zones as a series of longitudinal debris stripes. The suite of foreland landforms is diagnostic of both temperate subglacial and frozen-snout conditions, indicating the operation of a warm polythermal glacier fed by multiple flow units during the LIA. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…The receding glacier snouts of Iceland continue to provide excellent opportunities to study the landsystems associated with particular styles of glaciation, triggered either by Little Ice Age climate cooling or surging (Krüger, 1994;Rea, 1999, 2003;Kjaer and Krüger, 2001; Russell et al, 2001aRussell et al, , b, 2005Evans and Twigg, 2002;Spedding and Evans, 2002;Evans, , 2005Evans et al, 2006aEvans et al, , b, 2007Evans et al, , 2009Schomacker et al, 2006;Schomacker and Kjaer, 2007). The plateau icefi elds of Iceland's interior are particularly instructive in this sense, because they represent modern analogues for upland glacier systems that have occupied large areas of mid to high latitude glaciated terrains for far longer periods during the Quaternary than the more expansive ice sheets (Rea et al, 1998;McDougall, 2001;Rea and Evans, 2007).…”

Section: Introduction and Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled moraine development and debris transport pathways in polythermal plateau icefields: examples from Tungnafellsjökull, Iceland

Evans

2010

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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A modern landsystems analogue for plateau icefi eld glaciation is presented, based upon Tungnafellsjökull in the arid, cold interior of Iceland. Landform mapping and intensive clast form analysis on three separate forelands occupied during the Little Ice Age reveal variability in the morphology of moraines and the degree of clast modifi cation, which is interpreted as a function of the complex interplay between: (a) the effi cacy of glacial erosion; (b) passive versus active debris transfer mechanisms; and (c) the volume of debris provision for ice-marginal freeze-on mechanisms. A steep outlet bounded by rockwalls produced a landform assemblage and debris transport signature typical of valley glaciers, whereas two unconfi ned outlets produced a landform-sediment imprint typical of polythermal conditions. This comprises subglacial bedforms, relating to the initiation of warm-based ice by strain heating below icefalls at the plateau edge, terminating at arcs of ice-cored (controlled) moraine representative of frozen snout conditions. Patterns in clast form data on the unrestricted forelands refl ect the characteristics of glacier dynamics and thermal regimes at the margin of a plateau icefi eld, where bedrock steps of suffi cient size to initiate strain heating and bedrock abrasion and plucking are located only a short distance from the marginal freeze-on conditions of a snout creating debris-rich folia and controlled moraine. Additional englacial debris may well have been carried to the glacier margin through the development of ogives and englacial thrusting at the base of the icefall, thereby explaining the occurrence of striae on clasts that have otherwise been little modifi ed by glacial abrasion.

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Surging glacier landsystem of Tungnaárjökull, Iceland

Cited by 36 publications

References 16 publications

Heinabergsjökull and Skalafellsjökull, Iceland: active temperate piedmont lobe and outwash head glacial landsystem

Heinabergsjökull and Skalafellsjökull, Iceland: active temperate piedmont lobe and outwash head glacial landsystem

Glacial geomorphology of the terrestrial margins of the tidewater glacier, Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard

Controlled moraine development and debris transport pathways in polythermal plateau icefields: examples from Tungnafellsjökull, Iceland

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