Surgical treatment of dentoalveolar injury in the anterior region of maxilla

Abstract

Dentoalveolar trauma is a serious condition, which often causes numerous complications, mainly esthetic and functional disorders. These can lead to lowering patient's self-esteem as it appears most commonly in the visible anterior region of jaws.Three most com mon clas si fi ca tions of den tal trauma are WHO, An dreasen and El lis. Among them An dreasen's di vi sion seems to be the most clear and use ful in eve ry day prac tice. It con tains 19 groups in clud ing teeth, perio don tal struc tures, gin gi val and oral mu cosa in ju ries (Tab. 1) [2,10,14].Trau matic in ju ries of teeth and al veo lar bone usu ally re sult from falls, con tact sports, vio lence or traf fic ac cidents. Males ex pe ri ence more den tal traumas com par ing to fe males and the male-to-fe male ratio ranges from 1.3-2:1 [6]. Max il lary cen tral in ci sors are the most frequently in jured teeth and the sec ond most com mon are max il lary lat eral in ci sors [7]. Crown frac tures with out pulp ex po sure (un com pli cated) are the most fre quently oc cur ring in ju ries vary ing from 25 to 70% in dif fer ent stud ies [11]. Less com mon are other trau mas in clud ing: luxa tion (3.5-26%), dis place ment (7.9-62%), in tru sion (3.6-21%), al veo lar fractures 5.5%, soft tis sue in ju ries (47-58%), avul sion (4-22%) [11]. Among pre dis pos ing and risk fac tors authors re ported max il lary over jet greater than 3.5mm, promi nent max il lary in ci sors, lip in com petence, pre vi ous den tal trauma or lack of mouth guards and hel mets while play ing con tact sports [6].