A 40-year-old man sought medical attention because of intense abdominal pain accompanied by profuse sweating (Nov. 2005).He reported hypertension diagnosed at age of 35 and made use of atenolol 100 mg and aspirin 100 mg on a daily basis.The tests taken at the time of diagnosis of hypertension (Oct. 2000) included echocardiogram revealing ascending aortic diameters of 42 mm; left atrium, 19 mm; right ventricle, 26 mm; left ventricle (diastole/systole), 59/33 mm; left ventricular ejection fraction was 75% and septal and left ventricular posterior wall thickness was 7 mm. We made the following echocardiographic diagnoses: dilated ascending aorta, bicuspid aortic valve without signs of stenosis and mild insufficiency. He had been asymptomatic for 10 months had, when short-duration palpitations appeared. There were no complaints of dyspnea, chest pain or syncope. The patient denied rheumatic history.Physical examination (Jul 12) 2005; first visit to the hospital) revealed heart rate of 80 bpm; blood pressure, 160/80 mm Hg; presence of arterial pulsation in the neck; lung semiology revealed no changes; heart examination revealed stroke in the sixth intercostal space out of the left midclavicular line, extending two fingertips; heart sounds were normal and there was systolic murmur +/ 4+ in the aortic area and diastolic murmur aspiration +/ 4+ at the left sternal border. Abdominal examination was normal and there was lower limb edema; neurological examination revealed left hemiparesis.Chest radiography showed cardiomegaly at the expense of increased left ventricle +++/ 4+Laboratory tests revealed 14.3 g/dL hemoglobin; hematocrit 44%; 7700 leukocytes/mm³; creatinine 0.7 mg/dL; potassium 4.4 mEq/L and sodium 139 mEq/L.One month after that visit, he sought medical attention for palpitations that had begun four days before; atrial fibrillation was detected and warfarin and digoxin were added to the medications used. About four months after the first visit, the patient sought emergency medical attention for severe abdominal pain accompanied by profuse sweating. We carried out clinical and laboratory evaluation and the hypothesis of acute cholecystitis was ruled out.Tomography with contrast (Nov. 18 2005) revealed moderate pleural effusion on the right and discrete on the left; enlarged liver, dilated portal and liver veins. The gallbladder was normal. The kidneys were normal and there were no changes in the aorta.Ultrasound examination of the bladder was normal.A CT scan revealed right parietal cortical and subcortical hypoattenuation zone with effacement of adjacent sulci, compatible with old cerebral infarction. Additionally, there was opacification of the ethmoid sinuses.Laboratory tests (Nov. 18 2005) revealed 13.9 g/dL hemoglobin; hematocrit 43%; leukocytes 23.380/mm³ without left deviation; platelets 135 000/mm³; prothrombin time (INR) 3.96; ratio of partial activated thromboplastin time 1,62; urea 74 mg/dL; creatinine 1.2 mg/dL; sodium 144 mEq/L; potassium 4.5 mEq/L; glucose 26 mg/dL; lactate 52 mg/dL; amylase 33 U...