Surgical treatment for osteochondritis dessicans of the knee

Abstract

Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the knee is a disease of the subchondral bone with secondary injury to the overlying articular cartilage. OCD lesions are generally categorized as juvenile-growth plates open-or adult-growth plates closed. This maturity-based classification scheme has a prognostic value in that many juvenile OCD lesions will heal with conservative care while most symptomatic adult OCD lesions need surgical intervention. OCD can result in pain, knee joint effusions, loose body formation, and arthritis. Short-term treatment goals include pain and symptom resolution while the long-term goal is to minimize arthritis. Surgical options include debridement, drilling, microfracture, reduction and fixation, autograft osteochondral transplantation, autologous chondrocyte implantation, and allograft osteochondreal transplantation.

Cartilage and Bone Serum Biomarkers as Novel Tools for Monitoring Knee Osteochondritis Dissecans Treated with Osteochondral Scaffold

“…OCD is a knee osteochondral defect of unknown etiology that involves subchondral bone and articular cartilage that can spontaneously heal or cause instability or detachment of a small and overlying articular cartilage [2]. To date, there is consensus on surgical treatment for OCD lesions, based on the dimension of the lesion and stability.…”

“…Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and radiographic evaluations are routinely used to accurately diagnose OCD lesions. To further assess cartilage and bone modifications, different studies have used histological and immunohistochemical analysis on samples collected from patients during surgical treatment [2, 7–9].…”

Arthroscopic treatment of intra-articular dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica of the knee

“…The “classical site” of OCD lesions is the lateral aspect of the MFC. 4 , 7 Physical examination of the classical site of medial femoral OCD showed “Wilson’s sign”, during which the examiner extends the knee from 90° to 30° against resistance while internally rotating the tibia. 4 , 7 This sign is diagnostic of medial femoral OCD, causing pain due to lesion impingement on the tibial eminence.…”

Perspectives on Animal Models Utilized for the Research and Development of Regenerative Therapies for Articular Cartilage

“…As microfracture is the most widely used regenerative therapy for cartilage in current clinical practice, drilling varied holes through cartilages with an aim to recruit stem cells/progenitor cells from bone marrow is widely utilized in animal studies [18]. The microfracture procedure [19] involves debridement of the lesion to a stable rim to enable the lesion to be well contained.…”