Surgical treatment for acute small intestinal obstruction caused by<i>Parascaris equorum</i>infection in 15 horses (2002–2011)

Self Cite

Summary A 9‐year‐old Quarter Horse mare was presented due to chronic colic in the past year, which deteriorated rapidly prior to presentation. On exploratory laparotomy a solitary, well encapsulated mass was found, partially attached to the seromuscular layer of the intestine. Removal of the mass was achieved without the use of enterotomy or resection and anastomosis. The mass was diagnosed using histology and immunohistochemistry assays as leiomyosarcoma. Despite the aggressive nature of the neoplasm, the mare returned to full function and there was no evidence of recurrence 5 years post‐operatively.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Successful removal of jejunal leiomyosarcoma in a Quarter Horse mare

Oreff

Tatz

Dahan

et al. 2017

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“…; Tatz et al . ). The single greatest risk factor for ascarid impaction is recent deworming, especially when the anthelmintic used has a neuromuscular mode of activity (Cribb et al .…”

Section: Two To 6 Monthsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Control of helminth parasites in juvenile horses

Reinemeyer

Nielsen

2016

Summary Parasite control in juvenile horses remains a substantial challenge for veterinary practitioners and their clients. This age group is at risk for various types of parasitic disease because their worm burdens tend to be larger and more diverse than in mature horses. This contrast is largely attributable to marked differences in relative levels of acquired immunity. Frequent, perennial anthelmintic treatment is not a sustainable approach for parasite control in this age group, but the simple, surveillance‐based parasite control strategies recommended for mature horses are not appropriate for juveniles either. Maneuvering through the early years of a horse's life requires up‐to‐date knowledge about biology and epidemiology of the parasite species in play as well as local evidence regarding the anthelmintic resistance status of each herd. This article provides an overview of the most important helminth parasites to target in a control programme for juvenile horses, and highlights how the target species change as horses age. Young foals (<2 months) are exposed to Strongyloides westeri and Parascaris spp., whereas the primary target parasite in foals between age 2 months and weaning is Parascaris spp. Beyond weaning, the focus shifts away from ascarids, and the targets instead are strongyles and tapeworms. Gasterophilus spp. and Oxyuris equi are also discussed.

“…All 3 studies reported the large majority of cases to be foals aged <12 months, although single cases as old as 5 years were encountered (Tatz et al . ). Two of the studies reported the proportion of ascarid impactions to be <0.5% of all colic surgeries performed in foals (Cribb et al .…”

Section: Disease and Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sex information was available from 2 of these studies, and the distribution was equal with 19 males and 18 females (Southwood et al 1996;Cribb et al 2006). All 3 studies reported the large majority of cases to be foals aged <12 months, although single cases as old as 5 years were encountered (Tatz et al 2012). Two of the studies reported the proportion of ascarid impactions to be <0.5% of all colic surgeries performed in foals (Cribb et al 2006) and of all surgical colics performed at the referral hospitals (Southwood et al 1996), respectively.…”

Section: Foals Aged 2-4 Weeks Experimentally Infected With~8000mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, 31 (60%) cases survived until dismissal from the referral hospital, whereas only 11 (21%) survived beyond one year. One of the studies found survival rates to be significantly higher in cases where enterotomy was not performed and the impaction was relieved by milking the ascarids into the caecum instead (Tatz et al 2012). However, the advantages of the milking/massaging approach are somewhat debatable as it may cause serosal damage, which can lead to abdominal adhesions (Vatistas et al 1996).…”

Section: Foals Aged 2-4 Weeks Experimentally Infected With~8000mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evidence‐based considerations for control of Parascaris spp. infections in horses

Nielsen

2015

Summary Parascaris spp. infection is virtually ubiquitous in young foals and worm burdens can achieve high numbers. The most important disease manifestation is impaction of the small intestine, which occurs in a small proportion of infected foals but is associated with a guarded prognosis for survival. Control of Parascaris spp. is complicated by emerging resistance to currently available anthelmintic drug classes. Resistance to macrocyclic lactones has been reported worldwide and a few studies have also documented signs of resistance to pyrantel salts and benzimidazoles. Foals generally develop immunity to Parascaris spp. parasites around age 6 months, but a proportion of weanlings and yearlings can harbour smaller burdens at age 8–10 months. Older horses have occasionally been reported with substantial ascarid burdens as well. Qualitative detection of ascarid eggs has good diagnostic value whereas an actual egg count does not correlate well with the size of the worm burden. A recent investigation documented the applicability of a transabdominal ultrasound technique for semiquantitatively monitoring ascarid burdens in foals. Control of ascarids is complicated by the limited drug classes available for treating this parasite, and by the fact that foals are often concurrently infected with strongyles. In many cases, none of the 3 available anthelmintic classes are simultaneously effective against both parasite groups, so close monitoring is required to select the most appropriate anthelmintic in each case.