Surgical treatment and outcome of sterile prostatic cysts in dogs

Abstract

Objective To describe the surgical treatment and outcome of a large cohort of dogs with sterile prostatic cysts (PCs). Study Design Retrospective study. Animals Forty‐four client‐owned dogs. Methods Dogs with sterile PCs with at least 6 months of follow‐up were included. Clinical variables, type of surgery, complications, recurrences, and outcomes (telephonic interviews or rechecks) were recorded. Results Extra‐ and intraparenchymal cysts were diagnosed in 29 and 11 dogs, respectively. Four dogs had both types. Extraparenchymal cysts were treated by partial resection and omentalization (n = 22) and complete resection (n = 7). Drainage and intracapsular omentalization were performed in all dogs with intraparenchymal cysts. The four dogs with both types of cyst were treated by omentalization. Resolution was documented in 39/44 dogs (88.6%). Intraoperative complications occurred in one dog (urethral tear). Major complications resulting in death occurred in three dogs (oliguric kidney injury, cardiac arrhythmia, and persisting urinary tract obstruction). Minor complications (n = 10) consisted of temporary urinary incontinence (n = 2), permanent urinary incontinence (n = 5), urinary retention (n = 2), and dysuria (n = 1). Recurrence occurred in two dogs with extraparenchymal cysts. Median long‐term follow‐up was 528 days (range, 250–730 days). Thirty‐nine dogs had no signs associated with prostatic disease at long‐term follow‐up. Conclusion Partial or complete resection and/or omentalization of sterile PCs led to resolution of clinical signs in most dogs, although postoperative urinary incontinence was frequent. Impact This study is the largest case series relative to canine sterile PCs treated surgically and provides evidence on the prognosis and rate of complications.

Laparoscopic treatment of paraprostatic cyst in two dogs – complete resection, and partial resection with omentalization: a case report

“…Prostatic diseases are common in older, intact male, large-breed dogs, especially in German shepherds and Doberman pinchers ( 1 , 2 ). Post-mortem examinations have revealed that 75.6% of dogs dying from prostate-unrelated disorders have prostatic diseases ( 3 ).…”

“…Post-mortem examinations have revealed that 75.6% of dogs dying from prostate-unrelated disorders have prostatic diseases ( 3 ). Prostatic cysts (PCs) account for 1.1–14% of all prostatic diseases ( 1 , 3 , 4 ), and approximately 42% of PCs become infected ( 1 ). Multiple cystic changes rather than large solitary cysts are more common ( 5 ).…”

“…Multiple cystic changes rather than large solitary cysts are more common ( 5 ). Intraparenchymal cysts (IPCs, intraprostatic cysts, retention cysts) originate from microcysts, resulting from the accumulation of prostatic secretions due to increased production or obstruction of ducts with prostatic hyperplasia ( 1 ). In contrast, the etiology of extraparenchymal cysts (EPCs, paraprostatic cysts; pPCs) is not fully understood, but their association with the uterus masculinus, a remnant of the Müllerian duct (paramesonephric duct), has been suggested ( 1 , 4 ) in addition to the same manner as IPCs ( 6 ).…”

“…Intraparenchymal cysts (IPCs, intraprostatic cysts, retention cysts) originate from microcysts, resulting from the accumulation of prostatic secretions due to increased production or obstruction of ducts with prostatic hyperplasia ( 1 ). In contrast, the etiology of extraparenchymal cysts (EPCs, paraprostatic cysts; pPCs) is not fully understood, but their association with the uterus masculinus, a remnant of the Müllerian duct (paramesonephric duct), has been suggested ( 1 , 4 ) in addition to the same manner as IPCs ( 6 ). pPCs vary in size, are confined within a fibrocollagenous capsule, and usually have no direct involvement of the prostatic parenchyma despite occasional connection with the prostatic capsule ( 1 ).…”

“…In contrast, the etiology of extraparenchymal cysts (EPCs, paraprostatic cysts; pPCs) is not fully understood, but their association with the uterus masculinus, a remnant of the Müllerian duct (paramesonephric duct), has been suggested ( 1 , 4 ) in addition to the same manner as IPCs ( 6 ). pPCs vary in size, are confined within a fibrocollagenous capsule, and usually have no direct involvement of the prostatic parenchyma despite occasional connection with the prostatic capsule ( 1 ). It is craniolateral or dorsal to the prostate and could be palpable through the pelvic cavity sometimes ( 3 ).…”