“…Less commonly, endometriosis is intrinsic resulting in a thickened ureteral wall with fibrosis and proliferation of the ureteric muscolaris [3]. At time of diagnosis, about 30% of women with ureteral endometriosis will have 25−50% loss of nephrons and when there is less than 15−20% of total function, a decision for nephrectomy may be indicated [1][2][3]. In these cases, the benefit of total nephroureterectomy versus total nephrectomy has not been examined.…”