Surgical Stress Induces Phospholipid Degradation in the Intestinal Brush Border Membrane

Translocation of bacterial NOD2 agonist and its link with inflammation

“…We concluded that bacterial translocation is indeed tightly linked to reclination of the gut during surgery, in agreement with our previous observation [9]. Indeed, laparatomy and handing are sufficient to induce degradation in the intestinal brush border membrane [36]. …”

Heat preconditioning prevents oxidative stress-induced damage in the intestine and lung following surgical manipulation

“…The most striking alterations seen in the heated groups were the increased viability of enterocytes and increased activity of endogenous antioxidants such as SOD and catalase. It is well known from earlier reports that oxidative stress plays a major role in surgical stress 3,5,6 and so antioxidants may have a role in preventing surgical manipulation-induced oxidative damage.…”

“…Loss of gut barrier function and increased gut permeability have been reported after surgery 2 , and laparotomy and mild intestinal handling leads to activation of the superoxide-generating enzyme xanthine oxidase (XO) in enterocytes, resulting in oxidative stress and considerable damage to intestinal mucosal structure and function 3,4 . Surgical manipulation also affects the structure and function of the intestinal brush border membrane and mitochondria 5,6 . Severe physiological stress, such as shock, trauma or burn injury, causes mesenteric hypoperfusion with preferential shunting of blood to vital organs.…”

Altered glycosylation of surfactant and brush border membrane of the small intestine in response to surgical manipulation

“…It was shown earlier that activation of PLA2 in the gall bladder mucosa results in the release of arachidonic acid and lysophospholipids, both of which are potent glycoconjugate secretogogues [42,43]. Our earlier study showed that during surgical manipulation, PLA2 activation occurs, resulting in arachidonic acid and lysophospholipids formation [44], which in turn might act as glycoconjugate secretogues.…”

“…Our earlier work has shown that surgical manipulation of the intestine can result in widening of intercellular spaces, increased intestinal permeability, and oxidative stress in the mucosa [10]. Surgical manipulation also results in structural and functional alterations in the intestinal BBM leading to altered lipid composition and sugar transport [11].…”