Surgical-site infection following cesarean section in Kano, Nigeria

Abstract

Objectives:To determine the prevalence, risk factors and common bacterial pathogens for surgical site infection (SSI), following cesarean section (CS).Materials and Methods:A retrospective case-control study of patients delivered by CS in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. The cases were the patients whose CS was complicated by SSI; they were matched by other patients delivered by CS who had had no SSI as controls. Hospital records of cases and controls were compared.Results:Four hundred and eighty five hospital records were available for review, 44 (9.1%) had SSI. Statistically significant determinants of infection are: Long duration of labor before CS (P<0.001), Long operation time (P=0.009), heavy intraoperative blood loss and blood transfusion (P<0.001). Eleven (25%) of the cases had CS due to obstructed labor compared to 15.3% of controls. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 31.8% of the cases. Cephalosporins and quinolones were the most sensitive antibiotics.Conclusion:The incidence of SSI following CS in our unit was 9.1%. Most cases followed prolonged obstructed labor, with long operation time and heavy blood loss. Staphylococcus aureus sensitive to cephalosporins was the most frequently isolated pathogen. Strategies for preventing prolonged obstructed labor and appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis may prove effective.

Incidence of Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) among Patients Undergoing Major Surgery at General Hospital Funtua, Katsina State, Nigeria

“…The study discovers that the SSIs incidence rate of 19.6% based on bacteriological criteria is contrary to 38% WHO (2011). The study findings is also consistent with 22% incidence rate in OAUTHC, (Ohajuru, 2010),but contrary to 9.1% incidence at AKTH Kano, (Jido & Garba, 2012). …”

“…The study revealed that most of the subjects are in the age group between 21-30 years and showed a female preponderance .Similar demographic observation was reported by another study in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano, Nigeria (Jido & Garba, 2012).The rate of SSI was significantly higher in female subjects than in male .This could be explained by multiple risk factors in females such as high caesarean section rate and high BMI.…”

“…There is, however, considerable variation in each class according to the type of surgery being performed (Moram , 2006) Ohajuru, Fajemilihin & Onipede, (2011) reported an incidence of 21% SSI at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex. Oni ,Ewete, Gbaja, Folade, Mutiu, Adeyemo, & Bakare, (2006) revealed that 9.4% incidence of SSI in University College Hospital, Ibadan, report of SSI incidence in AKTH Kano revealed 9.1% following caesarean section (Jido & Garba, 2012) All these reports are from teaching hospitals and urban centres and there is no base line data from semi urban centre and secondary health care in Nigeria hence it is necessary to establish the incidence, pattern and predictors of SSI in General Hospital Funtua, Katsina state, Nigeria. Therefore this study is designed to determine the incidence of surgical site infections in General Hospital Funtua.…”

Surgical Site Infection in A Tertiary Centre In Nigeria

“…Out of the 350 patients recruited for this study, 9.1% had SSI, a rate that is similar to the findings of previous studies in Nigeria 3,4 . The male preponderance (62.5% of cases) is also in agreement with the findings of others 10 .…”

“…In the United States, SSI is found to be a serious complication with an incidence of 2 to 5% in patients undergoing surgery 2 while in Nigeria, it was found to be 9.4 and 9.1% at Ibadan and Kano respectively 3,4 . SSI has been reported to be second only to urinary tract infection as the commonest hospital acquired infection and actually the most commonly encountered form of nosocomial infection in surgical practice 5 .…”