Surgical Site Infection and the Use of Antimicrobials

Stewart, Suzanne; Richardson, Dean W.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-48420-6.00007-7

Cited by 14 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 356 publications

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“…S. aureus was cultured in all cases, consistent with previous reports of S. aureus isolated in up to 60% of cellulitis cases 3–9 . Given all cases cultured a common bacterial isolate, S. aureus , outcomes described in this report may not be accurate for other bacterial isolates; however, general treatment principles may still be applied.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Impairment of the immune or circulatory system may be a risk factor for hematogenous spread of bacteria to the subcutaneous tissues of the limb 3,5 . When a positive bacterial culture is obtained, the most common bacterial organisms isolated are Staphylococcus aureus , isolated in up to 60% of cases, and Streptococcus species, 3–8 although mixed infections may occur 9 . A bacterial etiologic agent is identified in approximately 80% of limb cellulitis cases, with negative culture results occurring mostly in horses treated with antimicrobials prior to sampling 1,9 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although secondary complications including contralateral limb laminitis, dermal necrosis, septic tenosynovitis, and septic intratendinous or intraligamentous infections are uncommon, they can be career limiting or result in euthanasia 1,2,9,13 . Survival rates for limb cellulitis vary between studies, ranging from 77% to 89%, 1–9 with contralateral limb laminitis being the main reason for euthanasia, occurring in 6%–20% of cases, followed by extensive dermal necrosis, occurring in 2%–57% of cases 1,9,10 . Prognosis for return to athletic function or intended use has been reported as guarded with 69% of cases returning to their intended use on long‐term follow‐up 1 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Treatment and outcome of eight horses with limb cellulitis and septic tendonitis or desmitis

et al. 2021

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Objective To report the clinical features, treatment, and outcome in horses with cellulitis and concurrent septic tendonitis and/or desmitis. Study Design Short case series. Methods Medical records from 2000 to 2019 were reviewed, identifying horses with cellulitis and concurrent septic tendonitis and/or desmitis based on sonographic examination and positive bacterial culture. Signalment, ultrasonographic results, bacterial culture, treatment, duration of hospitalization, and complications were recorded. Long‐term outcome data were obtained from follow‐up examinations and/or telephone interviews. Successful outcome was defined as return to intended use. Results Eight horses met the inclusion criteria. All infections occurred in hindlimbs, with septic suspensory ligament in six of eight horses, and septic superficial digital flexor tendon in one of eight horses. Surgical debridement was performed in six of eight horses. All horses were treated with systemic and regional intravenous antimicrobials and were discharged from the hospital. Long‐term follow‐up was available in seven of eight horses. Of these, four horses returned to their intended athletic function, two horses returned to their intended function as a broodmare or pasture pet, and one horse is still rehabilitating. Conclusion Septic tendonitis or desmitis is a rare but possible sequela of limb cellulitis. Based on the findings in this study, prognosis for return to athletic function is fair to good for horses diagnosed with cellulitis and concurrent septic tendonitis or desmitis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Treatment and outcome of eight horses with limb cellulitis and septic tendonitis or desmitis

et al. 2021

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“…Four horses had an additional 24 h of flunixin and oxytetracycline due to the presence of heat, pain, and swelling around the surgery site. Administration of any prophylactic antibiotics may not be needed for these procedures, and their administration has no additional benefit if the surgery site has sealed, which normally occurs after 24 h. 18 In the authors' hospital, there has been a recent move to using no prophylactic antimicrobials during this technique, and no increased postoperative complication rate has been noted. When comparing the use of antimicrobials in other techniques, these were often used for longer durations (3--10 days 2,5-7,15 ), and second-line antimicrobials were used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The described ostectomy technique and ISLD technique are classified as a clean orthopedic procedure because it is an elective procedure that is primarily closed with no entry to the respiratory, alimentary, or genitourinary tracts with minimal trauma. 18 Horses received 24 h of a first-line antimicrobial, intravenous oxytetracycline, and no further antimicrobials were administered in 98/102 horses. Four horses had an additional 24 h of flunixin and oxytetracycline due to the presence of heat, pain, and swelling around the surgery site.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimally invasive cranial ostectomy for the treatment of impinging dorsal spinous processes in 102 standing horses

Souza¹,

Crowe²,

Bowles³

et al. 2021

Veterinary Surgery

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Objective To describe a minimally invasive cranial ostectomy for the treatment of impingement of dorsal spinous processes (DSPs) in the standing horse. Study Design Retrospective study. Animals One hundred two horses with impinging DSPs. Methods The case records of all horses that had the described technique between 2011 and 2019 were reviewed. All sites of impinging DSPs were treated under standing sedation and local anesthesia. The minimally invasive cranial ostectomy of the caudal DSP was performed with bone rongeurs through multiple small incisions. Results Of the 102 horses treated with this technique, no surgical complications were recorded. Median (range) long‐term follow‐up for all horses was 18 months (12–50 months) postoperatively. Of the 66 horses available for follow‐up that were still alive, 53 horses (80%) had complete resolution of clinical signs and returned to the intended work. There were 36 horses with a concurrent orthopedic issue presurgery, and 25/36 (69%) returned to the same level of intended work; of the horses with no evidence of another orthopedic issue presurgery, 28/30 (93%) returned to the same level of intended work. Conclusion Minimally invasive cranial ostectomy of the caudal DSP had a good success rate in horses with impingment of DSPs. Clinical Significance The described minimally invasive ostectomy technique in standing horses is a low‐risk procedure that provides success rates similar to other techniques.

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Complications of Surgery of the Equine Foot

Leise

2021

Complications in Equine Surgery

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Surgical Site Infection and the Use of Antimicrobials

Cited by 14 publications

References 356 publications

Treatment and outcome of eight horses with limb cellulitis and septic tendonitis or desmitis

Treatment and outcome of eight horses with limb cellulitis and septic tendonitis or desmitis

Minimally invasive cranial ostectomy for the treatment of impinging dorsal spinous processes in 102 standing horses

Complications of Surgery of the Equine Foot

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