Surgical Resection of Primary Tumors in Patients Who Present With Stage IV Colorectal Cancer: An Analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Data, 1988 to 2000

Cook, Alan; Single, Richard M.; McCahill, Laurence E.

doi:10.1245/aso.2005.06.012

Cited by 273 publications

(214 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…For stage IV disease, the likelihood of colorectal resection declined with increasing age. This was also observed in two US series (Temple et al, 2004;Cook et al, 2005), although in both series the effect was mainly limited to the very old (80 or 85 and over), whereas in our study there was a steady decrease with increasing age (60% of the under 65s had a resection, whereas only 51% aged 65 -74 and 42% aged X75 did). In addition to having more co-morbid conditions (Yancik et al, 1998), older patients are more likely to require emergency surgery (Colorectal Cancer Collaborative Group, 2000a), and these factors may influence the proportion resected in different populations.…”

Section: Factors Associated With Treatmentsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The colorectal resection rate was constant over time, in contrast to a US study that reported a slight, but significant, decrease during 1988 -2000 (Cook et al, 2005). Our frequency of 78% undergoing resection was lower than that in US studies (90 -92%; Ciccolallo et al, 2005) but close to figures for European community practice (Gatta et al, 2000;Pitchforth et al, 2002).…”

Section: Treatment Rates and Trends Over Timecontrasting

confidence: 81%

“…The differences may be partly a result of variations in stage distribution between populations, but are more likely to be due to lack of consensus regarding resection of the primary tumour in stage IV patients (Rosen et al, 2000;Sarela et al, 2001;Ruo et al, 2003). In two US population-based studies, 66% of stage IV patients of all ages (Cook et al, 2005) and 72% of those aged X65 had primary cancerdirected surgery (Temple et al, 2004); this was 51% in our study overall.…”

Section: Treatment Rates and Trends Over Timementioning

confidence: 58%

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Inequity in colorectal cancer treatment and outcomes: a population-based study

et al. 2008

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Several uncertainties surround optimal management of colorectal cancer. We investigated treatment patterns and factors influencing treatment receipt and mortality in routine clinical practice. We included 15 249 individuals, recorded by the National Cancer Registry (Ireland), with primary invasive colon or rectal tumours, diagnosed during 1994 -2002. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards were used to determine factors associated with treatment receipt within 1 year of diagnosis and with mortality, respectively. A total of 78% had colorectal resection, 31% chemotherapy, and 13% radiotherapy (4% colon; 28% rectum). Half of stage IV patients underwent resection. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy use increased by at least 10% per annum. There was a notable increase in pre-operative radiotherapy from 2000 onwards. Patient-related factors were significantly associated with treatment receipt. Patients who were male, older, not married, or smokers had significantly higher risks of death. Chemotherapy was significantly associated with lower mortality for stage III, but not stage II, colon cancer. For rectal cancer, pre-operative radiotherapy was associated with reduced mortality. Surgery and chemotherapy were associated with longer survival for stage IV patients. The observed inequities in treatment and outcomes suggest that there is potential for further dissemination of therapies in routine practice. Improving treatment availability overall, and equity, has the potential to reduce mortality.

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Section: Factors Associated With Treatmentsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Treatment Rates and Trends Over Timecontrasting

confidence: 81%

Section: Treatment Rates and Trends Over Timementioning

confidence: 58%

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Inequity in colorectal cancer treatment and outcomes: a population-based study

et al. 2008

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“…About 20-25% of patients with newly diagnosed CRC present with distant metastases (2)(3)(4), and only a small population of these patients can undergo curative operation (5). For patients with unresectable metastatic tumors, the standard treatment is systemic chemotherapy.…”

Section: The Measurement Of Tils In the Primary Tumor Using The Methomentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes Predict the Chemotherapeutic Outcomes in Patients with Stage IV Colorectal Cancer

Shibutani

Maeda

Nagahara

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide (1). About 20-25% of patients with newly diagnosed CRC present with distant metastases (2-4), and only a small population of these patients can undergo curative operation (5). For patients with unresectable metastatic tumors, the standard treatment is systemic chemotherapy. As mentioned in the ESMO clinical practice guidelines (4), an individualized approach to clinical decision-making should be adopted according to the patient's stratification. Therefore, numerous attempts have been made to identify useful prognostic markers for accurate patient stratification.Anticancer immunity is known to affect cancer progression (6). Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), which reflect the immune status of the host (7), have been reported to correlate with the clinical outcome, including the chemotherapeutic outcome in patients with various types of cancer (8-10). However, the method of measuring TILs has differed among previous reports (11)(12)(13)(14)(15). Recently, a new method of measuring TILs in breast cancer was proposed by the International TILs Working Group, using H-E-stained sections (16). In the current study, we applied this method to CRC.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the significance of the TILs in the primary tumor as a marker for predicting the chemotherapeutic outcome in patients with stage IV CRC using the method proposed by the International TILs Working Group. Patients and MethodsPatients. We retrospectively reviewed a database of 57 patients who underwent palliative combination chemotherapy for unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer after resection of the primary tumor at

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“…A similar retrospective study by Cook et al reviewed 26,754 patients with CRC over a 12-year period. Of those patients, 17,658 were resected and demonstrated increased survival [23]. Survival in the group with colon cancer was 11 months following resection compared to 2 months when the primary was not removed (p ≤ 0.001).…”

Section: Management Of Colorectal Primary For Stage IV Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical management of colorectal cancer: A review of the literature

Abdel‐Misih

Bloomston

2009

Indian J Surg

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Background Colon cancer management continues to evolve with signifi cant advances in chemotherapy, surgical technique and palliative interventions. As the options of therapy have improved, so have the challenges of management of primary colon cancer. Review A review of historical and up to date literature was undertaken utilising Medline/PubMed to examine relevant topics of interest-related to the surgical management. Enhanced knowledge of genetics associated with colon cancer has improved our care of patients with hereditary colon cancer syndromes. Additionally, traditional approaches to surgical intervention for primary colon cancer have been questioned and will be discussed in this review including the role of laparoscopy, use of mechanical bowel preparation, management of the primary tumour in the face of metastatic disease, as well as the role of palliative intervention in select patients. Conclusion Colon cancer has seen improvement and expansion of therapeutic approaches to primary colon cancer. Laparoscopy and palliative interventions have become widely accepted with level I evidence to demonstrate good patient outcomes. Traditional dogma with mechanical bowel preparation has been challenged and debunked with

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Surgical Resection of Primary Tumors in Patients Who Present With Stage IV Colorectal Cancer: An Analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Data, 1988 to 2000

Cited by 273 publications

References 40 publications

Inequity in colorectal cancer treatment and outcomes: a population-based study

Inequity in colorectal cancer treatment and outcomes: a population-based study

Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes Predict the Chemotherapeutic Outcomes in Patients with Stage IV Colorectal Cancer

Surgical management of colorectal cancer: A review of the literature

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