Introduction
We aimed to describe the burden of fires in displaced persons
settlements and identify interventions/innovations that might address gaps
in current humanitarian guidelines.
Methods
We performed a systematic review of: i) academic and non-academic
literature databases; and ii) guidelines from leading humanitarian
agencies/initiatives regarding fire prevention/control.
Results
Of the 1,521 records retrieved, 131 reports described settlement
fires in 31 hosting countries since 1990. These incidents resulted in 487
deaths, 790 burn injuries, displacement of 382,486 individuals and
destruction of 50,509 shelters. There was a 25-fold increase in the rate of
settlement fires from 1990 to 2015 (0.002 to 0.051 per 100,000 refugees,
respectively). Only 4 of the 15 leading humanitarian agencies provided
recommendations about fire prevention/control strategies. Potentially useful
interventions/innovations included safer stoves (e.g. solar cookers) and
fire retardant shelter materials.
Conclusion
The large and increasing number of fires in displaced persons
settlements highlights the need to redress gaps in humanitarian fire
prevention/control guidelines. The way forward includes: i) developing
consensus among aid agencies regarding fire prevention/control strategies;
ii) evaluating the impact of interventions/innovations on the burden of
fires; and iii) engaging agencies in a broader discussion about protecting
camp residents from armed groups.