Surgical management of the pancreatic stump following pancreato-duodenectomy

Testini, Mario; Piccinni, Giuseppe; Lissidini, Germana; Gurrado, Angela; Tedeschi, Michèle; Franco, Ilaria Fabiola; Meo, Giovanna Di; Pasculli, Alessandro; Luca, Giuseppe Massimiliano De; Ribezzi, Mario; Falconi, Massimo

doi:10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2016.04.003

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Iatrogenic complications commonly result in prolonged hospitalisation, readmission (11–25% of discharged patients), need for reoperation (9%) or interventional procedures (14%). In descending order of frequency, the commonest postoperative adverse events are delayed gastric emptying (DGE), pancreatic fistula (PF), wound infections, biliary leakage, haemorrhage, abscesses, acute pancreatitis and intra-abdominal venous thrombosis [ 1 – 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating early CT after pancreatico-duodenectomy: a primer for radiologists

Tonolini

Ierardi²,

Carrafiello³

2018

Insights Imaging

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Pancreatico-duodenectomy (PD) represents the standard surgical treatment for resectable malignancies of the pancreatic head, distal common bile duct, periampullary region and duodenum, and is also performed to manage selected benign tumours and refractory chronic pancreatitis. Despite improved surgical techniques and acceptable mortality, PD remains a technically demanding, high-risk operation burdened with high morbidity (complication rates 40–50% of patients). Multidetector computed tomography (CT) represents the mainstay modality to rapidly investigate the postoperative abdomen, and to provide a consistent basis for an appropriate choice between conservative, interventional or surgical treatment. However, radiologists require familiarity with the surgically altered anatomy, awareness of expected imaging appearances and possible complications to correctly interpret early post-PD CT studies. This paper provides an overview of surgical indications and techniques, discusses risk factors and clinical manifestations of the usual postsurgical complications, and suggests appropriate techniques and indications for early postoperative CT imaging. Afterwards, the usual, normal early post-PD CT findings are presented, including transient fluid, pneumobilia, delayed gastric emptying, identification of pancreatic gland remnant and of surgical anastomoses. Finally, several imaging examples review the most common and some unusual complications such as pancreatic fistula, bile leaks, abscesses, intraluminal and extraluminal haemorrhage, and acute pancreatitis.Teaching Points • Pancreatico-duodenectomy (PD) is a technically demanding surgery burdened with high morbidity (40–50%). • Multidetector CT is the mainstay technique to investigate suspected complications following PD. • Interpreting post-PD CT requires knowledge of surgically altered anatomy and expected findings. • CT showing collection at surgical site supports clinico-biological diagnosis of pancreatic fistula. • Other complications include biliary leaks, haemorrhage, abscesses and venous thrombosis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating early CT after pancreatico-duodenectomy: a primer for radiologists

Tonolini

Ierardi²,

Carrafiello³

2018

Insights Imaging

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is a complex operation associated with significant post-operative mortality (1–6%) [ 1 ] and morbidity rate (10–45%) [ 2 ], even at high-volume pancreatic centers [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rate of Post-Operative Pancreatic Fistula after Robotic-Assisted Pancreaticoduodenectomy with Pancreato-Jejunostomy versus Pancreato-Gastrostomy: A Retrospective Case Matched Comparative Study

Marino

Chiow

Mirabella

et al. 2021

JCM

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Background: Different techniques of pancreatic anastomosis have been described, with inconclusive results in terms of pancreatic fistula reduction. Studies comparing robotic pancreaticogastrostomy (PG) and pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) are scarcely reported. Methods: The present study analyzes the outcomes of two case-matched groups of patients who underwent PG (n = 20) or PJ (n = 40) after pancreaticoduodenectomy. The primary aim was to compare the rate of post-operative pancreatic fistula. Results: Operative time (375 vs. 315 min, p = 0.34), estimated blood loss (270 vs. 295 mL, p = 0.44), and rate of clinically relevant post-operative pancreatic fistula (12.5% vs. 10%, p = 0.82) were similar between the two groups. PJ was associated with a higher rate of intra-abdominal collections (7.5% vs. 0%, p = 0.002), but lower post-pancreatectomy hemorrhage (2.5% vs. 10%, p = 0.003). PG was associated with a lower rate of post-operative pancreatic fistula (POPF) (33.3% vs. 50%, p = 0.003) in the high-risk group of patients. Conclusions: The outcomes of post-operative pancreatic fistula are comparable between the two reconstruction techniques. PG may have a lower incidence of POPF in patients with high-risk of pancreatic fistula.

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“…Progress in surgical technique, preoperative treatments, and advances in anesthesiologic and intensive care support have contributed to reducing postoperative mortality after pancreaticoduodenectomy to below 5% in high-volume centers, while morbidity remains high at up to 30–50% [1]. After pancreaticoduodenectomy, anastomosing the pancreatic remnant is generally preferred to closing or draining the pancreatic duct [2, 3], so postoperative morbidity is mainly centered on postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) from pancreatic anastomosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified “Blumgart-Type” Suture for Wirsung-Pancreaticogastrostomy: Technique and Results of a Pilot Study

et al. 2021

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Introduction: Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) represents the principal determinant of morbidity and mortality after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Since 1994 we have been performing pancreaticogastrostomy with duct-to-mucosa anastomosis (Wirsung-pancreaticogastric anastomosis [WPGA]), but postoperative morbidity, although limited, was still a concern. An original pancreas-transfixing suture technique, named “Blumgart’s anastomosis” (BA), has shown efficacy at reducing fistula rates from pancreaticojejunostomy. Few cohort studies have shown that WPGA with pancreas-transfixing stitches may help reduce the rate of POPF. We designed a novel “Blumgart-type” modification of WPGA (B-WPGA) aiming at harnessing the full potential of the Blumgart design. Methods: A prospective development study was designed around the application of B-WPGA after pancreaticoduodenectomy for primary periampullary tumors. It focused on describing the early iterations of this technique and on assessing the rate of POPF and delayed post-pancreatectomy hemorrhage (DPH) (primary outcomes), along with other perioperative outcomes. Technically, after mobilizing the pancreatic remnant for a few centimeters, the Wirsung duct is cannulated. A lozenge of seromuscular layer is excised from the posterior gastric wall, matching the shape and size of the pancreas’s cut surface. Two to four transparenchymal pancreatic-to-gastric submucosa U stitches with 4/0 Gore-Tex are positioned cranially and caudally to the Wirsung duct, respectively, mounted on soft clamps, and tied onto the gastric serosa only after duct-to-mucosa anastomosis. Postoperative follow-up was standardized by protocol and included a pancreatic enzyme check on the drain output. Results: From February 2018 to June 2019, in 15 continuous cases, B-WPGA was performed after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Indications for pancreaticoduodenectomy were mainly ampulla of Vater and pancreatic head adenocarcinomas. There was no operative mortality and no pancreatic anastomosis-related morbidity. Two events (13%) of transiently elevated amylase in the drain fluid, not matching the definition of POPF, were identified in patients with a soft pancreas on postoperative day 2. No DPHs were recorded after a minimum follow-up of 18.6 months. Discussion/Conclusion: The principles of BA may be safely applied to the WPGA model. B-WPGA allows (1) gentle compression and closure of the small secondary ducts in the pancreatic remnant; (2) partial invagination of the pancreatic body in the gastric wall, with the pancreatic cut surface protected by the gastric submucosa; and (3) prevention of parenchymal fractures, as the pancreaticogastric stitches are tied onto the gastric serosa. Despite the limited number of cases in this study, the absence of mortality and anastomosis-related complications supports further reproduction of this technical variant. Larger studies are necessary to determine its efficacy.

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Surgical management of the pancreatic stump following pancreato-duodenectomy

Cited by 16 publications

References 87 publications

Elucidating early CT after pancreatico-duodenectomy: a primer for radiologists

Elucidating early CT after pancreatico-duodenectomy: a primer for radiologists

Rate of Post-Operative Pancreatic Fistula after Robotic-Assisted Pancreaticoduodenectomy with Pancreato-Jejunostomy versus Pancreato-Gastrostomy: A Retrospective Case Matched Comparative Study

Modified “Blumgart-Type” Suture for Wirsung-Pancreaticogastrostomy: Technique and Results of a Pilot Study

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