Surgical Management of Hydatid Disease

Abstract

Management of hydatid disease carries a substantial risk of complications and recurrence. The ultimate goal of surgery is to kill the parasites, evacuate the cyst, remove the germinal layer, and obliterate the residual cavity all while preserving the healthy liver tissue. In endemic areas, a conservative approach is preferred. The open surgeries have a substantial risk of complications, such as bile leakage, parasite contamination, and presence of dead spaces, in which an abscess can form. These complications then have to be managed with more radical surgical approaches. The most commonly used surgical approaches are pericystectomy, partial pericystectomy, and even hepatic resection. With the right indications, subadventitial cystectomy has low postoperative complication, mortality, and recurrence. The condition of the cyst and the patient, the general status of the patient and the cyst size, location, and pathology are factors that indicate the optimal surgical approach.

Introductory Chapter: Overview on Echinococcosis

“…Regarding the abdominal sites (typically the hepatic involvement), there are two surgical approaches consisting of a conservative surgery and radical procedure using open or laparoscopic surgery [19].…”

“…Conservative surgery is simple, safe with relatively reduced operative time, but has high morbidity and recurrence rates [19].…”

“…You can freely access the chapter at the Web Viewer here. Comparing to conservative treatment, radical surgery is preferable due to lower morbidity, mortality, and reoccurrence rates [19].…”

2-In vitro Scolecidal Effects of Chitosan (isolatedfrom some scorpions), Chitosan Nanoparticles, Scorpion’S Venom, and Scorpion Venom-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles

“…Surgery is still the main treatment for hydatid disease (Firouzeh et al, 2021). However, several drug classes, such as cytostatics, antibiotics, sulphonamides, antiprotozoal substances, and several antihelmintic drugs, have been studied for their effectiveness against the metacestode stages of Echinococcus and used before and after surgery to reduce the risk of parasites invading nearby organs and eliminate the protoscoleces (Vidoura et al, 2017 andFirouzeh et al, 2021).…”

A retrospective analysis of surgical techniques and outcomes of hydatid disease in Wasit, Iraq

“…Hydatid cyst (HC), also known as hydatidosis, echinococcosis, or liver full of water, is a potentially serious disease. Human infestation occurs via fecal-oral transmission of parasitic ova from dog feces or other canines [ 1 – 3 ]. Upon ingestion, the ova hatch in the human intestine into six-hooked oncospheres, which penetrate the intestinal wall and migrate into various tissues, particularly the liver (50–90%), lungs (10–15%), or any other organ [ 4 – 6 ].…”