Surgical Management of Congenital Upper-Eyelid Eversion

Congenital upper eyelids ectropion in Down’s syndrome

“…Congenital ectropion of the upper eyelids was first described by Adams in 1896 [ 1 ], [ 2 ], [ 3 ], [ 4 ]. Later, Gilbert and co-workers described two more cases associated with Down’s syndrome [ 5 ], [ 6 ].…”

“…Later, Gilbert and co-workers described two more cases associated with Down’s syndrome [ 5 ], [ 6 ]. This rare condition has been reported more frequently in black infants [ 1 ], [ 2 ], [ 3 ], [ 4 ], [ 7 ], [ 8 ] associated with ichthyosis [ 1 ], [ 4 ], [ 9 ], [ 10 ] and in infants with trisomy 21 [ 2 ], [ 5 ], [ 8 ], [ 11 ], [ 12 ], [ 13 ], [ 14 ]. Although the condition is generally bilateral and asymmetrical, some unilateral cases have been described [ 8 ], [ 11 ], [ 13 ].…”

“…Although the physiopathology of congenital upper eyelid ectropion is unknown, multiple factors have been implied, including absence of an effective lateral canthal ligaments, lateral elongation of the eyelid, hypotonia of the orbicularis, vertical shortening of the anterior lamella, and failure of the orbital septum to fuse with the levator aponeurosis [ 1 ], [ 2 ], [ 4 ], [ 6 ], [ 11 ], [ 12 ], [ 13 ], [ 14 ].…”

“…Congenital bilateral ectropion of the upper eyelids is a rare, benign condition [ 1 ], [ 2 ], [ 3 ]. The eversion usually presents at birth and resolves spontaneously within two weeks of birth [ 1 ], [ 3 ], [ 4 ].…”

“…The eversion usually presents at birth and resolves spontaneously within two weeks of birth [ 1 ], [ 3 ], [ 4 ]. Its etiology is unknown and several possible mechanisms have been proposed, however it is frequently associated with Down’s syndrome, ichthyosis, and newborns in the black population [ 1 ], [ 2 ], [ 4 ]. We present three cases of this very rare condition and we will discuss the mechanism of the eyelid ectropion and its management.…”