Surgical Management of Complications after Hearing Aid Fitting

Abstract

Cochlear implantation can be successfully performed in children with inner ear malformations. These children and their parents can expect significant auditory benefits from this intervention. The various types of inner ear malformations may have quite different prognoses for good auditory performance.

Impression Material in the External and Middle Ear: an Overview of the Literature and a Stepwise Approach for Removal

“…However, more disadvantageous outcomes have also been reported, such as (persistent) perforations, conductive or sensorineural hearing loss [1][2][3] , vestibular symptoms [2,4] and a perilymph fistula [5] . This emphasizes the need for low-threshold referral to a center of expertise for this type of pathology.…”

“…Extra caution should be taken in the presence of risk factors such as tympanostomy tubes, tympanic membrane perforations, and retraction pockets, and when the patient has a history of previous surgery, such as mastoidectomy [1] . The first case report was published in 1983 [6] , and a literature search revealed 40 similar cases published in English, varying only in external or also middle ear involvement [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] . Table 1 provides an overview of those 34 cases in the literature with middle ear involvement and for whom the respective (surgical) removal procedures were described.…”

“…However, other symptoms are less common. In seven cases, there was no description of symptoms upon introduction or removal of the molds [2,3,[7][8][9] . Of the remaining 29 cases, acute severe otalgia was reported in 20 subjects (20/29), and 1 patient also suffered facial pain; therefore, these may be considered to be alarm symptoms.…”

“…In one of these patients, it was necessary to convert and reschedule the procedure for general anesthesia because removal was too painful [1][2][3] ; As a result, microscopic surgery was performed in 33 out of 36 cases. Depending on the location of the material, there was substantial risk of hearing loss and damage to the facial nerve or the semicircular canals.…”

“…Depending on the location of the material, there was substantial risk of hearing loss and damage to the facial nerve or the semicircular canals. Encountered complications were (persistent) perforations, worsened hearing loss [1][2][3] , and vestibular symptoms [2,4] (Table 1). One perilymphatic fistula was reported, resulting in a complete vestibular neurectomy a year later due to persistent complaints of vertigo [5] .…”