Surgical Interventions of Common Congenital Heart Defects in Dogs: A Comprehensive Review

Bir Köpekte Fallot Tetralojisinin Tanısında Transözefagal Ekokardiyografinin Yararlılığı

“…1), micro-bubble study showed the defect localization just below the pulmonary valve and between two ventricular chambers, suggestive for a perimembranous or conoventricular VSD (type-1) in this case. Based on these observations including a VSD, pulmonic stenosis, overriding aorta and right ventricular hypertrophy, ToF was diagnosed in this dog, as suggested [2,4] .…”

“…Unfortunately, the dog died at home one week after initial of the therapy. Necropsy confirmed the presence of ToF and their diagnostic criteria [2,4] .…”

“…Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) is an uncommon complex congenital cardiac defect in dogs and cats. Its incidence in dogs has been reported to be 0.0025% [1,2] . Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) can be valuable in diagnosis and accurate study of complex congenital heart defects in human medicine, but there is limited data on this subject in veterinary medicine [3] .…”