Surgical infections: a microbiological study

Abstract

Surgical infections are mostly polymicrobial, involving both aerobes and anaerobes. One hundred seventeen cases comprised of abscesses (n=51), secondary peritonitis (n=25), necrotizing fascitis (n=22) and wounds with devitalized tissues (n=19) were studied. The number of microorganisms isolated per lesion was highest in secondary peritonitis (2.32). The aerobe/ anaerobe ratio was 0.81 in secondary peritonitis and 1.8 in necrotizing fascitis. Most secondary peritonitis (80%), necrotizing fascitis (75%) and wounds with devitalized tissues (66.7%) were polymicrobial. Common microorganisms isolated in our study were E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacteroides fragilis and Peptostreptococcus spp. The most effective antibiotics for S. aureus were clindamycin (79.1%) and cefuroxime (70.8%). For Gram-negatives (Klebsiella spp., E. coli and Proteus spp.), the most effective antibiotics were cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, amikacin and ciprofloxacin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was maximally sensitive to amikacin (35.2%) and ciprofloxacin (35.2%). The greatest degree of multidrug resistance to all the drugs was found in P. aeruginosa (52.9%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (33.3%), Proteus spp. (33.3%), E. coli (22.2%), and S. aureus (12.5%). All the anaerobes that we isolated were 100% sensitive to metronidazole and chloramphenicol, followed by clindamycin (95% to 100%). Apart from antibiotic therapy, non-antimicrobial methods, such as hyperbaric oxygen therapy and debridement also play an important role in the treatment of surgical infections

Yeast fermentate prebiotic improves intestinal barrier integrity during heat stress by modulation of the gut microbiota in rats

“…It is well known that most microorganisms in the distal small intestine and colon are anaerobes (Weng and Walker, ), which numerously exceed aerobic bacteria in the gut (Maity et al, ). The predominance of aerobic bacteria in the gut microbiota has been found in the patients with colon cancer (Vargo et al, ), necrotizing fasciitis (Saini et al, ), in malnutrition (Million et al, ) and in severely burned patients (Chen et al, ) indicating an imbalance of the intestinal microbiota. We also found significant increase of haemolytic bacteria, Escherichia spp.…”

“…( ) ES-rats were orally gavaged with Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentate and exposed to heat stress; ( ) EC-rats were orally gavaged with Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentate and kept at room temperature; ( ) PS-rats were orally gavaged with PBS and exposed to heat stress; ( ) PC-rats were orally gavaged with PBS and kept at room temperature. cancer (Vargo et al, 1980), necrotizing fasciitis (Saini et al, 2004), in malnutrition (Million et al, 2016) and in severely burned patients (Chen et al, 1998) indicating an imbalance of the intestinal microbiota. We also found significant increase of haemolytic bacteria, Escherichia spp.…”

Candida albicans-Staphylococcus aureus Polymicrobial Peritonitis Modulates Host Innate Immunity

“…One human infection that is characterized as often being polymicrobial in nature is peritonitis (6,7). Peritonitis is an inflammatory disease of the lining of the abdominal wall and organs and is most frequently caused by infectious processes resulting from bowel perforation, laparotomy surgery, intestinal hernias, and, most commonly, insertion of medical devices, such as peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheters (8).…”

Volatile organic compound detection as a potential means of diagnosing cutaneous wound infections

“…7,8 Common bacterial pathogens associated with chronic as well as superficial and deep SSIs include Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Enterococcus faecalis. [9][10][11][12] Current diagnostic methods of identifying and confirming cutaneous infections involve culture-based and molecular methods. Both techniques are time consuming, and culture-based methods have limited sensitivity and are susceptible to overestimation of skin commensals leading to incorrect causative bacterial identification.…”