Surgical Correction of Congenital Lobar Emphysema in a Dog

Matsui, Hideki; Kakehata, Takeshi; Hyodo, Takefumi; Hanada, Kensei; Tsuji, Y; Hoshino, Satoshi; Isomura, Hiroshi

doi:10.1292/jvms.66.217

Cited by 20 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In addition to CLE, reported causes of spontaneous pneumothorax in dogs include pulmonary abscesses, neoplasia, dirofilariasis, bacterial pneumonia, bullous emphysema, or pulmonary blebs. 12 Gross or microscopic lesions specific to non-CLE causes of spontaneous pneumothorax were not observed in this dog.…”

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confidence: 66%

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Congenital Lobar Emphysema and Tension Pneumothorax in a Dog

Gopalakrishnan

Stevenson

2007

J VET Diagn Invest

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Abstract. Congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) and tension pneumothorax (TPT) are rarely reported in dogs. A case of CLE of the right middle lung lobe predisposing to air trapping, alveolar hyperinflation, and pleural rupture resulting in fatal spontaneous TPT in a 6-month-old mixed breed dog is described. The unique alteration of ''bloat line'' was observed in this case in addition to compressive atelectasis of all other lung lobes and lack of negative pressure within the thoracic cavity, signifying markedly elevated intrathoracic pressure. Bronchial cartilage hypoplasia and bronchiectasis were confirmed microscopically, which likely led to abnormal dynamic collapse of bronchi during expiration, consequentially leading to increased intrapulmonary pressure, bullous emphysema, and pleural rupture resulting in TPT. TPT consequent to CLE may therefore be considered one of the potential causes of sudden death in young dogs without overt clinical illness.

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confidence: 66%

“…13 The term spontaneous pneumothorax is used to describe the entry of air into the pleural space without underlying traumatic or iatrogenic causes. 12 Here, we describe a case of CLE predisposing to alveolar hyperinflation and rupture, resulting in fatal spontaneous TPT.…”

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confidence: 96%

Congenital Lobar Emphysema and Tension Pneumothorax in a Dog

Gopalakrishnan

Stevenson

2007

J VET Diagn Invest

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“…An interesting aspect of the described case is that the lung lobe torsion was right-sided, Seiler et al 2008). Bronchial cartilage dysplasia predisposes dogs to lung lobe torsions; the involvement of this dysplasia is also believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of lobar bullous emphysema (Stogdale et al 1982;Hoover et al 1992;Matsumoto et al 2004). In our case, similar findings were neither confirmed pathohistologically, nor could we find published reports of such a phenomenon in feline patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Blebs are superficial air pockets trapped inside visceral pleura and, therefore, more prone to deterioration when a sudden rise in intrathoracic pressure occurs (Brissot et al 2003;Bertolini et al 2009;Milne et al 2010;Ruth et al 2011). Bullae and blebs formation are reported as either primary idiopathic or secondary effects (i.e., a result of underlying disease or trauma) (Kramek et al 1985;Grosslinger et al 2000;White et al 2003;Matsumoto et al 2004). Coexisting pathologies such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, feline asthma, and fungal infections have also been reported (Lipscomb et al 2003;Crews et al 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

Emphysematous lesions in the right cranial lung lobe and torsion of the right medial lung lobe in a British shorthair cat: a case report

Dokic¹,

Pirog²

2015

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:A three-year-old male British shorthair cat that had exhibited progressive lethargy and intermittent dyspnoea for 14 days was referred for evaluation of acute respiratory deterioration. Clinical findings included rapid and shallow breathing, pale mucous membranes, sound suppression on the right side, and a subcutaneous haematoma in the right epigastric area. Serum biochemistry analysis showed leukocytosis and thrombocytosis. Radiographs revealed hydropneumothorax, a broken eighth right rib, atelectatic right cranial lung lobe (RCrL), and consolidation of the right middle lobe (RML). Doppler examination revealed sonographic changes in the echotexture of both lobes and venous flow was absent in the twisted RML. Furthermore, bronchoscopy showed proximal narrowing of the cat's RML bronchus. Exploratory surgery via medial sternotomy confirmed torsion of the RML and identified deteriorated gas-containing lesions in the collapsed RCrL. Both lung lobes were removed by standard lobectomy, and postoperative recovery was without major complications. Histopathological examination diagnosed multiple bullae and blebs, with significant subpleural haemorrhages in the atelectatic RCrL, whereas tissue congestion with haemorrhages, necrosis, and thrombosis typical for lung lobe torsion were observed in the RML. No other underlying aetiology was apparent. Two months post-operatively, the cat presented with similar acute onset of dyspnoea and spontaneous pneumothorax and was euthanised at the owner's request. The autopsy revealed identical new emphysematous changes in the contra-lateral lung lobes that had been absent at the time of surgery. Emphysematous lesions, regardless of their origin, should be considered in the etiopathology of lung lobe torsion.

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“…CLE is characterised by overinflation or hyperplasia of alveoli, typically within a single lung lobe. This condition leads to emphysema and pneumothorax and is most commonly seen in young animals (Herrtage and Clarke 1985, Voorhout and others 1986, Amis and others 1987, Billet and Sharpe 2002, Stephens and others 2002, Matsumoto and others 2004, Gopalakrishnan and Stevenson 2007, Moon and others 2007, Ruth and others 2011, Yun and others 2016). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal pneumothorax in a dog caused by a lesion resembling congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) of children

Knight

Malaguti²,

Rajotte

et al. 2016

Vet Record Case Reports

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An 8 month old boxer dog was referred for management of acute spontaneous pneumothorax. CT showed multiple variably sized bullae in the right middle lung lobe, and partial or complete atelectasis of all remaining lung lobes. This was assumed to be a case of congenital lobar emphysema (CLE). The dog was anaesthetised for surgery but died from cardiopulmonary arrest during presurgical thoracocentesis. Postmortem examination confirmed that ruptured bullae in the right middle lung lobe were responsible for the dog's pneumothorax and death. In addition, a malformation of the right subclavian artery was present. Histologically, the right middle lung lobe and primary bronchus were malformed, with microscopic changes resembling those of human congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM), rather than CLE. CPAM has not been reported in the veterinary literature and should be considered in the differential diagnosis for spontaneous pneumothorax in dogs.

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Surgical Correction of Congenital Lobar Emphysema in a Dog

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

Congenital Lobar Emphysema and Tension Pneumothorax in a Dog

Congenital Lobar Emphysema and Tension Pneumothorax in a Dog

Emphysematous lesions in the right cranial lung lobe and torsion of the right medial lung lobe in a British shorthair cat: a case report

Fatal pneumothorax in a dog caused by a lesion resembling congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) of children

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