Surgical Complications

Rubio‐Martínez, Luis M.; Hendrickson, Dean A.

doi:10.1002/9781119190332.ch1

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The good tolerance observed in our study for both techniques may be explained by subcutaneous infiltration with local anaesthetic agent prior to performing tibial perineural injection in all cases. Although not reflected in these results, US guidance reduces the risk of needle puncture of the nerve and the horse suddenly kicking out (Denoix et al, 2020; Rubio‐Martinez & Hendrickson, 2021). Whether this reduced risk, together with the decreased requirement for injections to be repeated, outweighs the greater duration of exposure to risk because the US‐guided technique takes longer to perform, is not possible with the information available currently.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Ultrasound‐guided perineural injection of the tibial nerve in the horse versus a ‘blind’ technique

Bellitto

Voûte

Reardon³

et al. 2023

Equine Veterinary Education

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SummaryBackgroundTibial perineural analgesia has often been reported to fail to achieve nerve desensitisation in horses. Ultrasound‐guided (US‐guided) techniques have recently been described to improve tibial perineural desensitisation.ObjectivesTo compare US‐guided and ‘blind’ tibial perineural analgesia techniques in lameness investigation.Study designRandomised clinical trial.MethodsHorses presenting for lameness investigation, which required tibial perineural analgesia, were randomly assigned either to a US‐guided or blind injection group. The efficacy of perineural analgesia was assessed by testing the loss of skin sensation at the medial and lateral heel bulbs. Skin sensation was assessed, prior to injection and then at four intervals post‐injection (10–15, 20–25, 30–35 and 40–45 min) using a hand‐held digital algometer with a 1 mm diameter pin; a value of 25 N was defined as indicative of skin desensitisation. The time taken to perform each injection technique and any adverse reactions were recorded. Summary statistics were performed to examine differences between groups. The frequency of skin desensitisation was compared between groups using a Fisher's exact test and the length of time taken to perform injections was compared using a Mann–Whitney U test.ResultsSixteen US‐guided and 11 blind injections were included in the study. All cases undergoing US‐guided injection lost skin sensation, whereas this occurred in only one case receiving the blind injection. The US‐guided group had a significantly higher probability of skin sensation loss (p < 0.001), although the injection technique took significantly longer to complete compared to the blind group (p < 0.001). No adverse reactions were noted with either perineural injection technique.Main limitationsLimited number of cases for each injection group.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that US‐guided tibial perineural injection is more likely to result in adequate and prompt tibial perineural analgesia compared to the blind injection technique, although it takes longer to complete.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ultrasound‐guided perineural injection of the tibial nerve in the horse versus a ‘blind’ technique

Bellitto

Voûte

Reardon³

et al. 2023

Equine Veterinary Education

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“…Indeed, in the present case, fasting with a muzzle led to stress and reduced water consumption, which both probably contributed to the development of VA. Nevertheless, to the authors’ knowledge, only the impact of pre‐operative fasting has been investigated in horses and solely for its effects on the gastrointestinal tract and the development of postoperative colic, 32 intraoperative partial pressure of oxygen in peripheral arterial blood 33 and the development of possible myopathies due to glycogen depletion on recovery from general anaesthesia 34…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre‐operative management of paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia in a stallion scheduled for castration

Citarella

Bettschart‐Wolfensberger

2022

Vet Record Case Reports

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A 15-year-old, fractious, weighing 470 kg, Achal-Tekkiner stallion was referred for elective castration. Pre-anaesthetic clinical evaluation revealed tachycardia with a heart rate (HR) of 66 bpm and diastolic left side heart murmur II/VI grade. Lung auscultation was unremarkable. Acepromazine (0.03 mg/kg) was administered intramuscularly to calm the horse for reassessment. Thirty minutes later, HR was 120 bpm. An electrocardiogram (ECG) showed monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. A bolus of Ringer lactate, 10 ml/kg over 30 minutes, and magnesium, 27 g diluted in 1 L 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl), was administered intravenously. As arrhythmia persisted, a constant-rate infusion of lidocaine, 50 mcg/kg/h, was started. The horse was monitored with telemetry ECG. The arrhythmia resolved after 24 hours and echocardiography showed mild tricuspid, aortic and pulmonary insufficiency. Anaesthetic risk was considered to be acceptable and the procedure was performed without complications. The horse was discharged after another 24 hours without detectable ECG abnormalities.

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“…Cryotherapy ( 13 ), chemotherapeutic injections ( 16 , 17 ), and immunotherapies ( 18 , 19 ) are among the options when surgery is contraindicated. In cryotherapy for melanoma, the tumor is rapidly frozen via a surface applicator which has been cooled with liquid nitrogen, with applicators internally cooled with liquid or gas ( 20 ), or by directly pouring liquid nitrogen on the tumor ( 21 ). Multiple rapid freeze - slow thaw cycles are conducted to achieve maximal effect ( 22 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To address these challenges, recent work has focused on using ultrashort (<2 μs) alternating polarity (positive and negative) electric pulses delivered in a rapid burst ( 67 ). These bi-polar pulses have demonstrated the ability to reduce muscle contractions in porcine models ( 58 ) and in human clinical trials ( 21 ). They also reduce the potential for electrical arcing ( 68 ) when compared to ECT or IRE protocols.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of integrated time nanosecond pulse irreversible electroporation against spontaneous equine melanoma

Fesmire,

Peal,

Ruff

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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IntroductionIntegrated time nanosecond pulse irreversible electroporation (INSPIRE) is a novel tumor ablation modality that employs high voltage, alternating polarity waveforms to induce cell death in a well-defined volume while sparing the underlying tissue. This study aimed to demonstrate the in vivo efficacy of INSPIRE against spontaneous melanoma in standing, awake horses.MethodsA custom applicator and a pulse generation system were utilized in a pilot study to treat horses presenting with spontaneous melanoma. INSPIRE treatments were administered to 32 tumors across 6 horses and an additional 13 tumors were followed to act as untreated controls. Tumors were tracked over a 43–85 day period following a single INSPIRE treatment. Pulse widths of 500ns and 2000ns with voltages between 1000 V and 2000 V were investigated to determine the effect of these variables on treatment outcomes.ResultsTreatments administered at the lowest voltage (1000 V) reduced tumor volumes by 11 to 15%. Higher voltage (2000 V) treatments reduced tumor volumes by 84 to 88% and eliminated 33% and 80% of tumors when 500 ns and 2000 ns pulses were administered, respectively.DiscussionPromising results were achieved without the use of chemotherapeutics, the use of general anesthesia, or the need for surgical resection in regions which are challenging to keep sterile. This novel therapeutic approach has the potential to expand the role of pulsed electric fields in veterinary patients, especially when general anesthesia is contraindicated, and warrants future studies to demonstrate the efficacy of INSPIRE as a solid tumor treatment.

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Surgical Complications

Cited by 3 publications

References 77 publications

Ultrasound‐guided perineural injection of the tibial nerve in the horse versus a ‘blind’ technique

Ultrasound‐guided perineural injection of the tibial nerve in the horse versus a ‘blind’ technique

Pre‐operative management of paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia in a stallion scheduled for castration

Investigation of integrated time nanosecond pulse irreversible electroporation against spontaneous equine melanoma

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