Surgical Anatomy of the Middle Communicating Artery and Guidelines for Predicting the Feasibility of M2-M2 End-to-End Reimplantation

Abstract

BACKGROUND:M2-M2 end-to-end reimplantation that creates a middle communicating artery has recently been proposed as a reconstruction technique to treat complex aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery that are not amenable to clipping.OBJECTIVE:To examine the surgical anatomy, define anatomic variables, and explore the feasibility of this bypass.METHODS:Sixteen cadaver heads were prepared for bypass simulation. After the middle cerebral artery bifurcation was approached, the proximal insular (M2) segments and perforators were explored. To define the maximal distance between the M2 segments that allows the bypass to be performed, the M2 segments were mobilized and reimplanted in an end-to-end fashion.RESULTS:Successful reimplantation was performed in all specimens. The mean maximal distance between the M2 segments to create the proposed reimplantation was 9.1 ± 3.2 mm. The mean vessel displacement was significantly greater for the superior (6.0 ± 2.3 mm) M2 segment than for the inferior (3.2 ± 1.4 mm) M2 segment (P < .001).CONCLUSION:In this cadaveric study, the stumps of the M2 segments located at a distance of ≤9.1 mm could be approximated to create a feasible M2-M2 end-to-end anastomosis. Intraoperative inspection of the M2 segments and their perforators could allow further assessment of the feasibility of the procedure before final revascularization decisions are made.

Quantification of motion during microvascular anastomosis simulation using machine learning hand detection

“…Decreased exposure to open vascular cases during residency, 29 increasing complexity of bypass cases due to failed endovascular therapy, 30 and novel microanastomosis techniques [31][32][33]…”