Surgical Anatomy in Aesthetic and Corrective Rhinoplasty

Anatomical variation of the nasal septum: Analysis of 57 cadaver specimens

“…The anatomy of the nose and external evaluation of nasal anatomy when planning rhinoplasty are frequent topics in the rhinoplasty literature. 7,12 There have also been several investigations relating to the embryology and development of the septum. [1][2][3][4] Conversely, current articles defining and characterizing the anatomy of the nasal septum are infrequent, perhaps due to the continued clinical success of septoplasty surgery and the assumption that the anatomy of the region is well understood.…”

“…[1][2][3][4] Structurally, the nasal septum forms the backbone of the nasal pyramid and is the central support element of the nose, providing support for the cartilaginous and soft-tissue components of the nose and nasal cavity. [5][6][7] Functionally, the nasal septum, and its articulation with the upper lateral cartilages, forms a critical portion of the internal nasal valve. 8 Consequently, anatom-ical or acquired deformities of the nasal septum can have a significant impact on the function of the nose.…”

Nasal Analysis and Anatomy: Anthropometric Proportional Assessment in Asians—Aesthetic Balance from Forehead to Chin, Part II

“…This fusion is very important clinically. 26 Here, the edge of the nasal septal cartilage is connected to the bony groove of the vomer and premaxilla by fibrous tissue. Thus, the nasal septal cartilage is able to move to a certain extent within the bony groove.…”

Reconstruction of Small Soft Tissue Nasal Defects

“…The surgeon should be aware that the skin over the upper two-thirds of the nose is more mobile and thinner as compared with skin on the lower third of the nose, where it is adherent to the underlying cartilaginous and fibrofatty structures. 15 Therefore, when considering the reconstruction technique to be used, one should consider the unique characteristics of the skin overlying the defect. 16 For example, primary closure of the more adherent skin on the inferior aspect of the nose may result in distortion of the alar rim or the nasal tip.…”

“…16 For example, primary closure of the more adherent skin on the inferior aspect of the nose may result in distortion of the alar rim or the nasal tip. 3,15 Distortion of the alar rim can be quite visible and exceedingly difficult or impossible to correct secondarily. Restoring the contour and quality of the tissue overlying the defect is essential to aesthetic nasal reconstruction.…”