Surgical advances during the First World War: the birth of modern orthopaedics

Ramasamy, Arul; Eardley, William; Edwards, D. M.; Clasper, Jon; Stewart, Michael

doi:10.1136/jramc-2014-000365

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In 1928-1950, the Girdlestone resection arthroplasty was originally indicated for pyogenic infection of the hip. These infections could be caused by fractures or gunshot wounds, or were of haematogenous origin 1, 18. After Girdlestone's death there was a growing awareness of his procedure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Girdlestone situation: a historical essay

Vincenten

Gosens

Susante

et al. 2019

J. Bone Joint Infect.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The eponymous term 'Girdlestone situation' originally referred to an excision of the femoral head in case of an acute pyogenic infection of the hip, described by Gathorne Robert Girdlestone in 1945. Over time the procedure and the indication to perform it have significantly changed. This article presents a short biography of Girdlestone with a concomitant report on investigating the evolution of the indication and technique of the Girdlestone situation from the first description up to contemporary literature.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Girdlestone situation: a historical essay

Vincenten

Gosens

Susante

et al. 2019

J. Bone Joint Infect.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…During the Battle of Somme (1916), there were 3173 open femur fractures in British stations and hospitals in France, and during the Battle of Arras (1917), 1009 open femur fractures. 18,19 Litter bearers used a Victorian era relic, the Liston splint, for injuries to the lower extremities. It was a long slat of wood with a notched far end that braced the body from trunk to foot with overlapping bandages (Fig.…”

Section: Wound Care and Compound Femur Fracturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In November 1917, Jones and 13 colleagues met at the Café Royal in London to form the British Orthopaedic Association. 19 The Special Relationship Also at the meeting was Major Robert Osgood of the United States Army Medical Corps, a reflection of the kinship that had developed between the American and British surgeons. Of necessity, the military orthopedic centers had become training centers for Americans.…”

Section: Organization Of Orthopedic Centersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Welsh Clan that Transformed Orthopedic Surgery

Nakayama

2019

The American Surgeon™

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Modern orthopedic surgery arose from Hugh Owen Thomas (1834–1891) and Sir Robert Jones (1857–1933), uncle and nephew, two descendants of a family of bonesetters from North Wales and Liverpool, respectively. Thomas combined a formal medical education with his hereditary vocation into treatments that have endured for more than a century. The epitome is the Thomas splint, which was credited with a decrease in the mortality from open femur fractures to 20 from 80 per cent during World War I and is still in use for the emergency transport of lower extremity injuries. Jones was 15 when he became Thomas’ apprentice. By the end of the century, he was a leading figure in orthopedic surgery, at the forefront of the treatment of childhood deformities and the clinical use of X-rays. Enlisting in the Royal Army Medical Corps with the onset of World War I, he saw the need for a system of orthopedic care to treat soldiers with injured limbs that threatened to flood the country with crippled, disabled men. The centerpiece was the military orthopedic center, where surgeons devised integrated programs of surgery, physical therapy, and “curative workshops” to return war-injured soldiers to productive lives. With British surgeons conscripted to work at the Western Front, hundreds of American surgeons with little prior experience in orthopedics volunteered to work in the centers and thus received intensive training under Jones. Orthopedic surgery, traditionally part of the broader practice of surgery, thus emerged from the war as a full-time endeavor and a distinct surgical specialty.

show abstract

“…Despite armed conflict causing destruction, these challenging circumstances can be an important catalyst for innovation including the introduction of widespread use of antibiotics and surgical techniques [ 17 ]. Some of these have been incorporated into non-conflict healthcare practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Telemedicine interventions in six conflict-affected countries in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean region: a systematic review

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has escalated the use of telemedicine in both high and low resource settings however its use has preceded this, particularly in conflict-affected settings. Several countries in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean (EMR) region are affected by complex, protracted crises. Though telemedicine has been used in such settings, there has been no comprehensive assessment of what interventions are used, their efficacy, barriers, or current research gaps. Main body A systematic search of ten academic databases and 3 grey literature sources from January 1st 2000 to December 31st 2020 was completed, identifying telemedicine interventions in select EMR conflict-affected settings and relevant enablers and barriers to their implementation. Included articles reported on telemedicine use in six conflict-affected EMR countries (or territories) graded as WHO Health Emergencies: Afghanistan, Gaza, Iraq, Libya, Syria and Yemen. Data were extracted and narratively synthesised due to heterogeneity in study design and outcomes. Of 3419 articles identified, twenty-one peer-reviewed and three grey literature sources met the inclusion criteria. We analysed these by context, intervention, and evaluation. Context: eight related to Afghanistan, eight to Syria and seven to Iraq with one each in Yemen and Gaza. Most were implemented by humanitarian or academic organisations with projects mostly initiated in the United States or Europe and mostly by physicians. The in-country links were mostly health professionals rather than patients seeking specialist inputs for specialities not locally available. Interventions: these included both SAF (store and forward) and RT (real-time) with a range of specialities represented including radiology, histopathology, dermatology, mental health, and intensive care. Evaluation: most papers were observational or descriptive with few describing quality measures of interventions. Conclusions Telemedicine interventions are feasible in conflict-affected settings in EMR using low-cost, accessible technologies. However, few implemented interventions reported on evaluation strategies or had these built in. The ad hoc nature of some of the interventions, which relied on volunteers without sustained financial or academic investment, could pose challenges to quality and sustainability. There was little exploration of confidentiality, ethical standards, data storage or local healthcare worker and patient acceptability.

show abstract

Surgical advances during the First World War: the birth of modern orthopaedics

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

The Girdlestone situation: a historical essay

The Girdlestone situation: a historical essay

The Welsh Clan that Transformed Orthopedic Surgery

Telemedicine interventions in six conflict-affected countries in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean region: a systematic review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About