Abstract. Auckly gave two examples of irreducible integer homology spheres (one toroidal and one hyperbolic) which are not surgery on a knot in the three-sphere. Using Heegaard Floer homology, the authors and Karakurt provided infinitely many small Seifert fibered examples. In this note, we extend those results to give infinitely many hyperbolic examples, as well as infinitely many examples with arbitrary JSJ decomposition.Lickorish [Lic62] and Wallace [Wal60] proved that any closed, oriented three-manifold can be obtained by surgery on a link in the three-sphere. Thus, a natural question to ask is which manifolds can be described via the simplest possible surgery description, i.e., as surgery on a knot. Irreducible integer homology spheres are a particularly interesting family to consider, since the simplest obstructions (e.g., [BL90]) to being surgery on a knot all vanish. Note that Gordon and Luecke [GL89] showed that a reducible integer homology sphere can never be surgery on a knot. Auckly [Auc97] provided the first two examples (one toroidal and one hyperbolic) of irreducible integer homology spheres which are not surgery on a knot, answering [Kir95, Problem 3.6(C)] in the affirmative. For over 15 years, these two manifolds were the only known examples, until the authors and Karakurt [HKL14] provided an infinite family of small Seifert fibered integer homology spheres which are not surgery on a knot. In this note, we refine that result to give an infinite family of hyperbolic examples as well. Theorem 1. There exist infinitely many hyperbolic integer homology spheres which are not surgery on a knot in S 3 . Similarly, one can construct infinitely many examples with arbitrarily complicated JSJ decomposition. Finally, one can arrange that none of these examples are rationally homology cobordant.Theorem 1 is a consequence of the following results about the behavior of Heegaard Floer homology under Dehn surgery. The following results were originally proved for knots in S 3 , but hold more generally for knots in arbitrary integer homology sphere L-spaces.Proposition 2 ([Gai14, Theorem 3]). Let Y be an integer homology sphere L-space and K ⊂ Y a genus one knot. Then U 2 · HF red (Y 1/n (K)) = 0 for any n.