Surgery for heart failure: Treatment options and implications

Abstract

Heart failure is considered one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Over the years, etiological risk factors, diagnostic criteria, and classifications have been revised to create guide management needed to alleviate the global health burden caused by heart failure. Pharmacological treatments have progressed over time but are insufficient in reducing mortality. This leads to many patients developing advanced heart failure who will require surgical intervention often in the form of the gold standard, a heart transplant. However, the number of patients requiring a transplant far exceeds the number of donors. Other surgical inventions have been utilized, yet the rate of patients being diagnosed with heart failure is still increasing. Future developments in the surgical field of heart failure include the 77SyncCardia and atrial shunting but long‐term clinical trials involving larger cohorts of patients have not yet taken place to view how effective these approaches can be.

Wavelet transform analysis reveals differences between patients with impaired left ventricular systolic function and healthy individuals

“…Future forecasts are even more disturbing, as HF prevalence is expected to rise in the elderly and in people living in low-to middle socio-demographic index regions (Lippi & Sanchis-Gomar 2020). Despite continuous progress in both pharmacological therapy and invasive methods (McDonagh et al 2021) (McDonagh et al 2021; Ahmed et al 2021; Hussein et al 2019), all-cause mortality in HF patients remains high with substantial economic burden on healthcare systems (Spencer et al 2018; Savarese et al 2022). HF is the leading cause of hospitalizations, resulting in more than 1 million admissions in both the United States and Europe (Blecker et al 2013; Dobrowolska et al 2021).…”