Surge of neurophysiological coherence and connectivity in the dying brain

Borjigin, Jimo; Lee, Un Cheol; Liu, Tiecheng; Pal, Dinesh; Huff, Sean; Klarr, Daniel; Sloboda, Jennifer; Hernandez, Jason; Wang, Michael M.; Mashour, George A.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1308285110

Cited by 164 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The global surge of synchronized cortical gamma activities stimulated by asphyxia signifies an internally aroused brain and supports the concept that the mammalian brain is capable of high levels of internal information processing at neardeath (9). Functional and effective connectivity in multiple frequency bands, including gamma-1 oscillations, was markedly elevated during the entire period of asphyxic cardiac arrest.…”

Section: Indices Of Conscious Information Processing Surge During Aspsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Previously, we have reported a marked and brief surge of cortical coherence induced by asphyxia in anesthetized rats (9). A robust increase of global coherence induced by carbon dioxide inhalation is evident in the absence of anesthesia and progresses with a temporally welldefined sequence (Fig.…”

Section: Cardiac Electrical Signals Visualized By Electrocardiomatrimentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Effective connectivity measures explore causal relationship between two or more connected neural networks (19). Feedback (frontal to parietal/occipital areas) and feedforward (occipital/parietal to frontal areas) connectivity analyses (9,20) were applied to eight frequency bands in consecutive 2-s bins (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Cortical Effective Connectivity Increases During Asphyxic Camentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Directed connectivity analyses (9,20) were applied to the brain and heart electrical signals before and following asphyxia induction. Feedback (from each of the six cortical areas to the heart) and feedforward (from the heart to each of the six cortical sites) corticocardiac connectivity analyses were applied to six frequency bands in consecutive 2-s bins with 1 s overlap.…”

Section: Asphyxia Activates Effective Connectivity Between the Cerebralmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whether the extremely low levels of EEG signals at near death can support meaningful brain functions including internal states of consciousness has not been investigated until recently. Previously, we have found that the mammalian brain is surprisingly highly aroused within a few seconds of asphyxia despite nearly isoelectric intracortical EEG signals (9). The functional role of the highly coherent cerebral activity in the dying animals is unknown.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Asphyxia-activated corticocardiac signaling accelerates onset of cardiac arrest

Li¹,

Mabrouk

Liu³

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The mechanism by which the healthy heart and brain die rapidly in the absence of oxygen is not well understood. We performed continuous electrocardiography and electroencephalography in rats undergoing experimental asphyxia and analyzed cortical release of core neurotransmitters, changes in brain and heart electrical activity, and brain-heart connectivity. Asphyxia stimulates a robust and sustained increase of functional and effective cortical connectivity, an immediate increase in cortical release of a large set of neurotransmitters, and a delayed activation of corticocardiac functional and effective connectivity that persists until the onset of ventricular fibrillation. Blocking the brain's autonomic outflow significantly delayed terminal ventricular fibrillation and lengthened the duration of detectable cortical activities despite the continued absence of oxygen. These results demonstrate that asphyxia activates a brainstorm, which accelerates premature death of the heart and the brain.asphyxic cardiac arrest | autonomic nervous system | coherence | directed connectivity | near-death experience

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Section: Indices Of Conscious Information Processing Surge During Aspsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Cardiac Electrical Signals Visualized By Electrocardiomatrimentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Cortical Effective Connectivity Increases During Asphyxic Camentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Asphyxia Activates Effective Connectivity Between the Cerebralmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Asphyxia-activated corticocardiac signaling accelerates onset of cardiac arrest

Li¹,

Mabrouk

Liu³

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Aberrant brain–heart coupling is associated with the severity of post cardiac arrest brain injury

Hermann,

Candia‐Rivera,

Sharshar

et al. 2024

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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ObjectiveTo investigate autonomic nervous system activity measured by brain–heart interactions in comatose patients after cardiac arrest in relation to the severity and prognosis of hypoxic–ischemic brain injury.MethodsStrength and complexity of bidirectional interactions between EEG frequency bands (delta, theta, and alpha) and ECG heart rate variability frequency bands (low frequency, LF and high frequency, HF) were computed using a synthetic data generation model. Primary outcome was the severity of brain injury, assessed by (i) standardized qualitative EEG classification, (ii) somatosensory evoked potentials (N20), and (iii) neuron‐specific enolase levels. Secondary outcome was the 3‐month neurological status, assessed by the Cerebral Performance Category score [good (1–2) vs. poor outcome (3–4–5)].ResultsBetween January 2007 and July 2021, 181 patients were admitted to ICU for a resuscitated cardiac arrest. Poor neurological outcome was observed in 134 patients (74%). Qualitative EEG patterns suggesting high severity were associated with decreased LF/HF. Severity of EEG changes were proportional to higher absolute values of brain‐to‐heart coupling strength (p < 0.02 for all brain‐to‐heart frequencies) and lower values of alpha‐to‐HF complexity (p = 0.049). Brain‐to‐heart coupling strength was significantly higher in patients with bilateral absent N20 and correlated with neuron‐specific enolase levels at Day 3. This aberrant brain‐to‐heart coupling (increased strength and decreased complexity) was also associated with 3‐month poor neurological outcome.InterpretationOur results suggest that autonomic dysfunctions may well represent hypoxic–ischemic brain injury post cardiac arrest pathophysiology. These results open avenues for integrative monitoring of autonomic functioning in critical care patients.

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N,N‐dimethyltryptamine and Amazonian ayahuasca plant medicine

James

Keppler

Robertshaw

et al. 2022

Human Psychopharmacology

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Objective Reports have indicated possible uses of ayahuasca for the treatment of conditions including depression, addictions, post‐traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and specific psychoneuroendocrine immune system pathologies. The article assesses potential ayahuasca and N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (DMT) integration with contemporary healthcare. The review also seeks to provide a summary of selected literature regarding the mechanisms of action of DMT and ayahuasca; and assess to what extent the state of research can explain reports of unusual phenomenology. Design A narrative review. Results Compounds in ayahuasca have been found to bind to serotonergic receptors, glutaminergic receptors, sigma‐1 receptors, trace amine‐associated receptors, and modulate BDNF expression and the dopaminergic system. Subjective effects are associated with increased delta and theta oscillations in amygdala and hippocampal regions, decreased alpha wave activity in the default mode network, and stimulations of vision‐related brain regions particularly in the visual association cortex. Both biological processes and field of consciousness models have been proposed to explain subjective effects of DMT and ayahuasca, however, the evidence supporting the proposed models is not sufficient to make confident conclusions. Ayahuasca plant medicine and DMT represent potentially novel treatment modalities. Conclusions Further research is required to clarify the mechanisms of action and develop treatments which can be made available to the general public. Integration between healthcare research institutions and reputable practitioners in the Amazon is recommended.

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Surge of neurophysiological coherence and connectivity in the dying brain

Cited by 164 publications

References 36 publications

Asphyxia-activated corticocardiac signaling accelerates onset of cardiac arrest

Asphyxia-activated corticocardiac signaling accelerates onset of cardiac arrest

Aberrant brain–heart coupling is associated with the severity of post cardiac arrest brain injury

N,N‐dimethyltryptamine and Amazonian ayahuasca plant medicine

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