Surficial Oxidation of Phosphorus for Strengthening Interface Interaction and Enhancing Lithium-Storage Performance

Abstract

By virtue of high theoretical capacity and appropriate lithiation potential, phosphorus is considered as a prospective nextgeneration anode material for lithium-ion batteries. However, there are some problems hampering its practical application, such as low ionic conductivity and serious volume expansion. Herein, we demonstrated an in situ preoxidation strategy to build a oxidation function layer at phosphorus particle. The oxide layer not only acted as a protective layer to prolong the storage time of phosphorus anode in air but also carbonized N-methyl pyrrolidone and poly (vinylidene fluoride), strengthening the interfacial interaction between phosphorus particles and binder. The oxide layer further induced the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interface with high lithium-ion conductivity. The oxidized P-CNT maintained high specific capacity of 1306 mAh g −1 and 89% capacity after 100 cycles, much higher than that of pristine P-CNT (17.1%). The strategy of in situ oxidation is facile and conducive to the practical application of phosphorus-based anodes.

High-performance Si@C anode for lithium-ion batteries enabled by a novel structuring strategy

“…structure of the electrode during cycling; hence, a thicker SEI layer is formed on the surface of pure Si electrode. 73 The results indicate that a layer of stable SEI with improved kinetics is formed on the surface of the Si@FeNO@P electrode after cycling due to its well-designed composite structure. It can be found from Fig.…”

“…72 Clearly, pure Si has higher R-OCO 2 Li and Li x PF y contents (higher integral peak intensity) than Si@FeNO@P, indicating more electrolyte decomposition at the interface between the electrolytes and pure Si electrodes caused by the unstable structure of the electrode during cycling; hence, a thicker SEI layer is formed on the surface of pure Si electrode. 73 The results indicate that a layer of stable SEI with improved kinetics is formed on the surface of the Si@FeNO@P electrode after cycling due to its well-designed composite structure. It can be found from Fig.…”

Recycled Graphite from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries as a Conductive Framework Directly Applied in Red Phosphorus-Based Anodes

“…In the subsequent cycles, the cathode peaks shift to the higher voltage. This phenomenon can be attributed to that the active material in the electrode was activated during the initial cycle, resulting in lower polarization and internal resistance . Three peaks at approximately 0.15, 0.26, and 0.56 V in the reduction process correspond to the lithiation reaction for the formation of Li 3 P and LiC 6 . , Furthermore, a peak at around 1.35 V can be assigned to the delithiation process.…”

Decorating Phosphorus Anode with SnO2 Nanoparticles To Enhance Polyphosphides Chemisorption for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…In order to address the aforementioned issues, several approaches based on surface coating/modification have been reported, using conductive polymers (such as polypyrrole, tannic acid–polypyrrole, and polydopamine) and inactive inorganic materials (such as LiF and phosphorus oxide). While the conductive polymers can serve as flexible substrates to buffer the volume expansion of P particles, the active P utilization was not significantly improved, due to the low polyphosphides adsorption capability and the weak reactivation of the phosphorus species trapped on the conductive polymers.…”

“…Among the potential anode materials, phosphorus (P) has been regarded as a promising anode with several advantageous features, 7,8 including the high theoretical specific capacity (2596 mAh g −1 ) and the relatively low but safe working potential of ∼0.7 V vs Li + /Li for fast charging (Figure S1) in the Supporting Information. 9−14 However, its practical applications are still hampered by its large volume variations, various sides reactions between the electrode and electrolytes resulting from the unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), the shuttle effect of soluble polyphosphides upon lithiation/ delithiation cycles, and sluggish reaction kinetic of the multiphase transformation from solid P to soluble polyphosphides and to solid Li 3 P. 15 In order to address the aforementioned issues, several approaches based on surface coating/modification have been reported, using conductive polymers (such as polypyrrole, 16 tannic acid−polypyrrole, 17 and polydopamine 18 ) and inactive inorganic materials (such as LiF 19 and phosphorus oxide 20 ). While the conductive polymers can serve as flexible substrates to buffer the volume expansion of P particles, the active P utilization was not significantly improved, due to the low polyphosphides adsorption capability and the weak reactivation of the phosphorus species trapped on the conductive polymers.…”