Surficial and applied surficial geology of the Belchertown Quadrangle, Massachusetts

Abstract

Introduction 1 Pre-Pleistocene Geology Precambrian and Paleozoic 3 Triassic 5 Geomorphology 8 Pleistocene Geology Glacial Erosion Glacial Deposits Till Belchertown area Three facies of upper till Laboratory analysis Origin of the till Comparison with till from other areas of New England Hypotheses to account for New England upper and lower till f Age of tills Stratified Drift Charac teris tics Landforms composed of ice contact stratified drift Ice channel fillings Kame terraces Flowtill Deltas Head of outwash Landforms composed of proglacial stratified drift Valley train Glaciolacustrine stratified drift 66

Hydrogeologic factors affecting acid neutralization in Cadwell Creek Watershed, west central Massachusetts

“…Although there can be considerable inhomogeneity over short distances in surficial characteristics, our field surveys, soils mapping [Leonard, 1984], and existing data [Caggiano, 1977;Mulholland, 1974;Newton, 1978] demonstrate that the available wells provide a good coverage of watershed variability. We extrapolated the gradiefit, hydraulic conductivity, and groundwater velocity of the wells to each of the hydrologic provinces, weighted according to the proportional area of the watershed each well represented.…”

“…No structural information is available to determine the fracture density. However, Caggiano [1977] reported an average yield of 0.1-1.25 L s -• from wells in similar bedrock, suggesting a low density of large interconnected joints. It is felt that deep groundwater drainage along joints in this basin is therefore negligible.…”

“…Small areas of clay-rich glacial till, stratified glaciofluvial sands, swamp deposits, and alluvium are also present ( Figure 3). The sandy till is believed to be younger and hence stratigraphically above the clay-rich till [Caggiano, 1977;Newton, 1978].…”

Surficial materials of Massachusetts—A 1:24,000-scale geologic map database

“…Map units were reproduced from Caggiano (1978). Glacial stratified deposits include coarse deposits of sedimentdammed glacial lakes in the Jabish Brook and Broad Brook valleys and an ice-dammed glacial lake in the Knights Pond valley, and coarse and fine deposits of glacial Lake Hitchcock in the western part of the quadrangle.…”

“…Glacial stratified deposits include coarse deposits of sedimentdammed glacial lakes in the Jabish Brook and Broad Brook valleys and an ice-dammed glacial lake in the Knights Pond valley, and coarse and fine deposits of glacial Lake Hitchcock in the western part of the quadrangle. Thick-till areas were mapped based on topographic analysis and on the position of drumlin axes shown on the map of Caggiano (1978). The shallow-bedrock unit is defined as areas where surficial material is less than 10 ft thick.…”