Surfactants as Hydrate Promoters?

Karaaslan, Uğur; Parlaktuna, Mahmut

doi:10.1021/ef000069s

Cited by 145 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Their study (Gudmundsson and Brrehaug, 1996) also showed a substantial cost saving (24%) for the transport of natural gas in hydrates compared to liquefied natural gas from the northern North Sea to Central Europe. The hydrate formation with promoters for the purpose of natural gas storage and transport has been reported recently (Saito et al, 1996;Khokhar et al, 1998;Karaaslan and Parlaktuna, 2000;Zhong and Rogers, 2000;Guo et al, 2002). But prior to industrial applications of hydrate storage processes were used, some problems, such as slow formation rates, unreacted interstitial water as a large percentage of hydrate mass, the reliability of hydrate storage capacity and economy of process scale-up, must be solved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effect of surfactants and liquid hydrocarbons on gas hydrate formation rate and storage capacity

Sun¹,

Wang²,

Ma³

et al. 2003

Int. J. Energy Res.

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SUMMARYHydrate formation rate plays an important role in making hydrates for the storage and transport of natural gas. Micellar surfactant solutions were found to increase gas hydrate formation rate and storage capacity. With the presence of surfactant, hydrate could form quickly in a quiescent system and the energy costs of hydrate formation reduced. Surfactants (an anionic surfactant, a non-ionic surfactant and their mixtures) and liquid hydrocarbons (cyclopentane and methylcyclohexane) were used to improve hydrate formation. The experiments of hydrate formation were carried out in the pressure range 3.69-6.82 MPa and the temperature range 274.05-277.55 K. The experimental pressures were kept constant during hydrate formation in each experimental run. The effect of anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)) on natural gas storage in hydrates is more pronounced compared to a non-ionic surfactant (dodecyl polysaccharide glycoside (DPG)). The induction time of hydrate formation was reduced with the presence of cyclopentane (CP). Cyclopentane and methylcyclohexane (MCH) could increase hydrate formation rate, but reduced hydrate storage capacity The higher methylcyclohexane concentration, the lower the hydrate storage capacity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effect of surfactants and liquid hydrocarbons on gas hydrate formation rate and storage capacity

Sun¹,

Wang²,

Ma³

et al. 2003

Int. J. Energy Res.

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“…Surfactants do not change the thermodynamics of clathrate hydrates, but they have been found to alter clathrate hydrate kinetics. Karaaslan and Parlaktuna [58] have found that anionic surfactants increase hydrate formation rate at all concentration, cationic surfactants increase hydrate formation rate at low concentration, and nonionic surfactants have little distinguishable effects on hydrate formation rate. SDS is a commonly used surfactant that is known to increase hydrate stability.…”

Section: Promotersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clathrate Hydrates

Lee¹,

Kenney²

2018

Solidification

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The clathrate hydrates represent a distinctive, unusual, scientifically significant, and practically important class of solid state materials. Since their discovery in the early nineteenth century, their widespread distribution in oceans and permafrost regions and their ability to trap atoms and small molecules-particularly methane and other small hydrocarbons-has led to the realization that they are simultaneously a tremendous energy source and, in the face of global warming, a potential greenhouse gas release disaster of unprecedented magnitude just waiting to happen. In the twentieth century, it was realized that solid methane clathrate hydrate could plug natural gas pipelines and disrupt oil drilling processes. On the environmental positive side, clathrate hydrates can store hydrogen and sequester carbon dioxide. A brief historical review of the formation, structure, and uses of clathrate hydrates forms the backdrop for a discussion of modern scientific investigations of these solids employing spectroscopy, structure determination methods, isotopic studies, computational-theoretical modeling, and interrogations of guest-host interactions via special guests. For example, the use of colored halogens in clathrate hydrate hosts enables UV-visible spectroscopic methods to be employed to study clathrate hydrate structure.

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“…Based on the chemical structures, three anionic, cationic and non-ionic surfactants with the commercial name of LABSA, Dehyguard Dam (DAM) and Ethoxalate have been examined for their effect on the formation kinetics of gas hydrate and their ability as hydrate promoter (Karaaslan and Parlaktuna, 2000). It was found that the overall hydrate formation rate was increased with the use of anionic surfactant for all concentrations tested.…”

Section: Surfactantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of the formation of CO2 hydrates in the presence of sodium halides and hydrophobic fumed silica nanoparticles

Farhang¹

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CO 2 capture by trapping the greenhouse gas in clathrates hydrates is proving to be one of the promising options for long term carbon storage. This technology is desirable as it can be deposited in the deep ocean where the suitable pressure and temperature is ready without any extra cost. To date, this method has mostly been of academic interest because the formation of gas hydrates is very slow and requires lots of energy and resources. It is important therefore to develop an efficient and economical process to be able to apply this method at an industrial scale. Scientists and researchers have been looking for suitable additives to accelerate the formation of CO 2 hydrate. To meet these objectives numerous additives have previously been tested and several were found to be suitable hydrate promoters. The mechanism for the formation of gas hydrates in the presence of additives is not clear yet. Understanding this mechanism would help us to select and synthesise the most suitable and cost effective additive.In this thesis, two groups of chemicals i.e. salt and hydrophobic particles were added to the hydrate formation reactor and examined. Initially sodium halides were tested for their effect on the kinetics of the formation of CO 2 hydrates in an isochoric system. The effect of different anion types and concentrations was investigated by directly measuring pressure and temperature changes in the reactor and evaluating maximum CO 2 uptake, conversion, storage capacity, induction time, and hydrate growth rate. The results indicated that sodium halides at a concentration of 50 mM (mmol/L) increase CO 2 consumption and conversion to hydrates. In addition, sodium iodide and sodium bromide in a range of concentrations between 50 and 250 mM significantly increased the hydrate formation kinetics. Measurements of the surface potential of CO 2 hydrates formed in the presence of sodium halides showed negative charge on hydrates with the highest zeta potential observed at the concentration of 50 mM. The findings of this part of the research led us to propose a mechanism for the formation of CO 2 hydrates in the presence of sodium halides.The second group of additives extensively investigated in the current research were hydrophobic nano-particles. Two types of hydrophobic fumed silica were studied.iii They produced two types of particle stabilised systems when mixed with water (i.e. silica foam and dry water). The influence of particle hydrophobicity and concentration on hydrate formation kinetics was established by monitoring gas consumption, CO 2 conversion and induction time. The morphology, microstructure, and pore characteristics were elucidated by cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM), and the elemental distribution and composition were determined by X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results indicated that the promoting effect of hydrophobic fumed silica was dependent on the particle hydrophobicity and on the weight ratio of silica to water. The kinetics of CO 2 hydrate formation were ...

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Surfactants as Hydrate Promoters?

Cited by 145 publications

References 7 publications

Effect of surfactants and liquid hydrocarbons on gas hydrate formation rate and storage capacity

Effect of surfactants and liquid hydrocarbons on gas hydrate formation rate and storage capacity

Clathrate Hydrates

Kinetics of the formation of CO2 hydrates in the presence of sodium halides and hydrophobic fumed silica nanoparticles

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