Surfactant-water liquid crystal phases

Tiddy, G. J. T.

doi:10.1016/0370-1573(80)90041-1

Cited by 614 publications

(319 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…The phases with these locations have been proposed to have structures consisting of short rod-like aggregates of the types 'oil-in-water' or 'water-in-oil' in two identical independent intertwined networks [27, 281. In many systems a cubic phase has also been observed in the region between the isotropic solution and the hexagonal phase [25,26,291. The cubic: phase, I , , in the PamGroPCho system has the same location as the cubic phase, SIC, in the system of dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride and water [29], while the cubic phases, 12, of the other systems (Ste-, Ole-and LinGroPCho) have the same position as the other cubic phase, V l , of the dodccyltrimethylammonium chloride system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase equilibria in four lysophosphatidylcholine/water systems

Arvidson

Brentel

Khan

et al. 1985

European Journal of Biochemistry

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The phase equilibria in four lysophosphatidylcholine/water systems were investigated at different temperatures. Each of the 1 -palmitoyl-, 1-stearoyl-, 1 -0leoyl-and 1 -linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholines was dispersed in heavy water at different concentrations. The phase structures were determined by 2H-, 14N-and 31P-NMR, polarization microscopy and low-angle X-ray diffraction.The phase diagrams of the oleoyl and linoleoyl systems were quite similar. At room ternpcrature and with decreasing water content the isotropic micellar solution was followed by a hexagonal phase and then a cubic phase. Finally the lamellar phase appeared before the region of hydrated crystals. The same sequence of phases was observed in the stearoyl system at elevated temperatures. The palmitoyl system differed from the others: here a cubic phase followed after the micellar solution, then came a hexagonal phase and after this a lamellar phase. In general the lysophosphatidylcholines seem to behave similarly to the many soaps and detergents as they show the same sequence of isotropic micellar solution, hexagonal phase, lamellar phase with interspersed cubic phases.The presently established phase diagrams demonstrate that the major lysophosphatidylcholines which may be generated by phospholipase A2 in mammalian cell membranes, viz. 1 -palmitoyl-and l-stearoyl-glycerophosphocholines differ greatly in their packing properties. The extraordinary ability of 1-palmitoyl-glycerophosphocholine to form a cubic phase in equilibrium with a micellar solution is of particular interest with regard to the possible occurrence of cubic structures in bioinembranes during the process of fusion.Lysophosphatidylcholines are natural constituents of many biological membranes. They usually occur in small amounts but have nevertheless attracted much interest, mainly because of their membrane-perturbing properties which make them both cytolytic and fusogenic (for a review see [I]). In vivo lysophosphatidylcholines may play an important role in secretory processes involving membrane fusion such as the release of histamine [2] and neurotransmitters [3] and the gastric secretion of hydrochloric acid (Olaisson, H., Mirdh, S., and Arvidson, G., unpublished work). The presence of a calcium-dependent phospholipase Az provides the possibility for a controlled formation of lysophosphatidylcholine in these secretory membranes. In vitro lysophosphatidylcholines and their structural analogues have proved to be of particular value for gentle solubilization of easily denatured membrane proteins [4].How lysophosphatidylcholines interact with cell membranes is still not very well understood. This may in part be due to the lack of information on their physico-chemical properties. The main features of the phase diagram and the phase structures of a lysophosphatidylcholine/water system have been obtained by X-ray diffraction studies [ S ] . However, the lysophosphatidylcholine used in these experiments was CorrcJspondence to G . Arvidson, Institutionen for Medieinsk och Fysiolog...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase equilibria in four lysophosphatidylcholine/water systems

Arvidson

Brentel

Khan

et al. 1985

European Journal of Biochemistry

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“…There might be two possible mechanistic pathways for the formation of MCM-41. In the first case, the surfactants aggregated into rods which existed in a hexagonal arrangement in solution [48]. The silicate in the reaction mixture was then precipitated around these hexagonal micelle arrays to produce the inorganic structure.…”

Section: Silca Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Lyotropic liquid crystal directed synthesis of nanostructured materials

Wang

Chen

Jiao

2009

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

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This review introduces and summarizes lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) directed syntheses of nanostructured materials consisting of porous nanostructures and zero-dimensional (0-D), one-dimensional (1-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) nanostructures. After a brief introduction to the liquid crystals, the LLCs used to prepare mesoporous materials are discussed; in particular, recent advances in controlling mesostructures are summarized. The LLC templates directing the syntheses of nanoparticles, nanorods, nanowires and nanoplates are also presented. Finally, future development in this field is discussed.

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“…9 In both approaches, much of the utility stems from the ability to vary the LLC phase over a wide range of architectures via amphiphile design and composition control. [1][2][3] (For overviews of how amphiphile shape/packing and system composition can determine the type of LLC phase formed, see: refs 10,11). These architectures range from ordered, 1D-hexagonal (H) and 2D-lamellar (L) phases to 3D-bicontinuous cubic (Q) phases with ordered interconnected pores in all directions ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These architectures range from ordered, 1D-hexagonal (H) and 2D-lamellar (L) phases to 3D-bicontinuous cubic (Q) phases with ordered interconnected pores in all directions ( Figure 1). [1][2][3] Within each of these LLC phase designations are more specific classifications (Type 1 or II) that relate to the mean curvature of the hydrophobic/hydrophilic interface. Type I (that is, normal) phases curve around the hydrophobic domains and Type II (that is, inverted) phases curve around the aqueous domains, with the L phase (zero mean curvature) serving as the central point of an ideal LLC phase progression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoporous polymer materials based on self-organized, bicontinuous cubic lyotropic liquid crystal assemblies and their applications

Wiesenauer

Gin

2012

Polym J

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The bicontinuous cubic (Q) lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) phases formed by the phase-separation and self-organization of amphiphilic molecules in water are intriguing structures for a number of transport-related applications because they possess ordered, uniform, 3D-interconnected water channels on the size of single molecules. Polymeric materials formed from either the templated polymerization or cross-linking of conventional monomers around Q phases, or the direct polymerization or cross-linking of Q phases formed by reactive amphiphiles retain the desired LLC nanostructure but are more robust for true application development. The structures of Q LLC phases were only elucidated in the late 1980s, and the first successful preparation of polymers based on Q phases was reported soon after. However, the development and demonstration of these nanoporous polymers for material applications were not realized until the first decade of the twenty-first century. This focus review provides an overview of work in the area of Q LLC phase-based polymer materials, with a focus on the work of our research group and that of our collaborators on polymer networks prepared by the direct polymerization of reactive Q phases and their development as functional materials for several engineering applications. Keywords: bicontinuous cubic; liquid crystal; lyotropic; nanoporous; polymer INTRODUCTION Lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) are amphiphilic molecules typically composed of a hydrophilic headgroup section and a hydrophobic tail section that have the ability to phase-separate and self-organize into nanostructured assemblies in the presence of water. The resulting fluid, ordered LLC phases have varying degrees of average order, different levels of hydrophilic and hydrophobic domain interconnectivity, and uniform periodic features in the circa 1-10 nm size range (For general reviews on LLC phases and their classifications, see: refs 1-3). LLC phases have recently attracted a great deal of attention because of their benefits as a versatile platform for the design of functional, nanoporous polymer materials. For example, by employing reactive LLCs (that is, monomers), the desired phase can be locked-in directly via chemical cross-linking to afford robust, nanoporous polymer networks (For reviews on the synthesis and applications of nanostructured polymers made from polymerizable LLCs, see: refs 4-6). LLC networks made by this approach have been used for applications such as templated nanocomposite synthesis, drug delivery, molecular transport/separation and heterogeneous catalysis. 7,8 Alternatively, non-polymerizable LLC phases have been used as nanostructured templates for the polymerization of conventional monomers dissolved in either the hydrophilic or hydrophobic domains. Subsequent

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Surfactant-water liquid crystal phases

Cited by 614 publications

References 110 publications

Phase equilibria in four lysophosphatidylcholine/water systems

Phase equilibria in four lysophosphatidylcholine/water systems

Lyotropic liquid crystal directed synthesis of nanostructured materials

Nanoporous polymer materials based on self-organized, bicontinuous cubic lyotropic liquid crystal assemblies and their applications

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