Surfactant-stripped naphthalocyanines for multimodal tumor theranostics with upconversion guidance cream

Abstract

Surfactant-stripped, nanoformulated naphthalocyanines (nanonaps) can be formed with Pluronic F127 and low temperature membrane processing, resulting in dispersed frozen micelles with extreme contrast in the near infrared. Here, we demonstrate that nanonaps can be used for multifunctional cancer theranostics. This includes lymphatic mapping and whole tumor photoacoustic imaging following intradermal or intravenous injection in rodents. Without further modification, pre-formed nanonaps were used for positron emission tomography and passively accumulated in subcutaneous murine tumors. Because the nanonaps used absorb light beyond the visible range, a topical upconversion skin cream was developed for anti-tumor photothermal therapy with laser placement that can be guided by the naked eye.

Near‐Infrared‐Light‐Activatable Nanomaterial‐Mediated Phototheranostic Nanomedicines: An Emerging Paradigm for Cancer Treatment

“…Such a combined CO and PTT therapy has been demonstrated to be more effective in destroying solid tumors than PB nanocube‐based PTT under the same NIR light irradiation condition . In another study, a 64 Cu‐labeled nanoformulated naphthalocyanines micelle was prepared and demonstrated as combined photoacoustic tomography and positron emission tomography guided NIR‐light‐activatable photothermal therapy reagent for treating 4T1 subcutaneous breast tumors in BALB/c mice . Upon NIR light (860 nm, 750 mW cm −2 , 3 min) irradiation, a delay growth of tumors was observed.…”

Organic Dye Based Nanoparticles for Cancer Phototheranostics

“…The macrocycle is well suited to form coordination complexes with various metals chelated in the center, which makes phthalocyanines and naphthalocyanines beneficial for optical imaging and phototherapy . However, the four phenyl groups or four naphthyl groups brings significant aggregation and solubility problems, therefore, phthalocyanines are usually modified with sulfonic acid groups or centrally coordinated metal atoms for better water solubility …”

Enhanced upconversion in one-dimensional photonic crystals: a simulation-based assessment within realistic material and fabrication constraints

“…Subsequently, the LDOS can be calculated according to Eq. (6). Across all calculations presented in this work, discretization steps of ∆k = 10 −3 and ∆ω = 10 −3 were used.…”

“…Upconversion (UC) is the process of converting two (or more) photons into one photon of higher energy. It is relevant in a broad range of applications, from anti counterfeiting [1,2], plastic recycling [3], bioimaging [4,5] and theranostics [5][6][7] to photovoltaics [8][9][10][11]. In photovoltaics, UC enables the utilization of sub-bandgap photons, which for silicon-based solar cells raises the theoretical efficiency limit from ≈ 30% [12] to ≈ 40% [8].…”