Surfactant-induced opacity of bovine isolated cornea: An epithelial phenomenon?

Muir, C.K.

doi:10.1016/0378-4274(87)90110-x

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The Bovine Cornea Opacity Permeability (BCOP) assay was first developed by Gautheron et al (1992) based on methods originally described by Muir (1984Muir ( , 1985Muir ( , 1987 and Tchao (1988). The intact corneas of healthy animals are held between O-rings mounted over a (posterior) chamber; an anterior chamber is positioned above the Fig.…”

Section: Ex Vivo Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of current techniques for ocular toxicity testing

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Given the hazardous nature of many materials and substances, ocular toxicity testing is required to evaluate the dangers associated with these substances after their exposure to the eye. Historically, animal tests such as the Draize test were exclusively used to determine the level of ocular toxicity by applying a test substance to a live rabbit's eye and evaluating the biological response. In recent years, legislation in many developed countries has been introduced to try to reduce animal testing and promote alternative techniques. These techniques include ex vivo tests on deceased animal tissue, computational models that use algorithms to apply existing data to new chemicals and in vitro assays based on two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) cell culture models. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in ocular toxicity testing techniques, and discuss the regulatory framework used to evaluate their suitability.

show abstract

Section: Ex Vivo Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of current techniques for ocular toxicity testing

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The results show that concentrations above 20% Tween 20 cause significant opacity of the corneal epithelium, which suggests that the lens should show significant damage as well at this concentration (18). Lower concentrations were also studied at 5% and 10% Tween 20 (18). At these concentrations, the BCOP experiment did not report any significant damage to the corneal tissue.…”

mentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Studies with Tween 20 have also used the cornea as an in vitro test tissue in an assay referred to as the BCOP test, or bovine cornea opacity and permeability test. The results show that concentrations above 20% Tween 20 cause significant opacity of the corneal epithelium, which suggests that the lens should show significant damage as well at this concentration (18). Lower concentrations were also studied at 5% and 10% Tween 20 (18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…This contrasts the data obtained in this experiment, which found that 10% Tween 20 caused significant damage to the lens. At higher concentrations (over 20%), both assays, BCOP and the lens assay, report significant damage to the optical tissues and showed concentration-dependent opacification (18). On the other hand, BCOP results for Tween 20 concentrations between 40 and 100% do not show a dose-response relationship (19), and it has been shown that simply mounting the cornea in assay holders to measure opacification and permeability causes damage to 20% of the corneal endothelial cells (20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Effects of Tween 20 onin vitroBovine Lenses

Lagrou¹,

Lalonde²,

Moran³

et al. 2005

Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The optical properties of the cultured bovine lens were analyzed after exposure to various concentrations of Tween 20, a nonionic surfactant, to find a nonirritating concentration for commercial products. Bovine lenses were extracted and placed into a culture chamber for 24 hours at 37 C with 4-5% CO 2 . The lenses were placed into three treatment (1%, n ¼ 10; 10%, n ¼ 9; and 100%, n ¼ 10 Tween 20) and one control group (n ¼ 7) for 15 minutes. For 8 days following treatment, the lens optics were analyzed periodically for back vertex distance (focal length) and back vertex distance variability (sharpness of focus) using a laser-scanning device. For both the control and the 1% Tween 20 condition, no significant change was seen from the beginning of the experiment (p > 0.05). The 10% Tween 20 solution induced significant loss of sharp focus (0.62 AE 0.1 mm SEM) 4 hours after exposure, increasing to BVD ¼ 1.69 AE 0.3 mm SEM by the end of experimentation (p < 0.05). At full strength (100%), Tween 20 began to cause damage after 4 hours (BVD ¼ 0.50 AE 0.06 mm SEM), and this change increased to BVD ¼ 4.46 AE 0.59 mm SEM after 8 days following treatment (p < 0.05). Therefore, a dose-dependant increase in back vertex distance (BVD) variability was detected. This research suggests that using 1% Tween 20 in commercial solutions should not produce ocular irritation, whereas concentrations above 10% will cause significant irritation. As well, the bovine lens assay, paired with the automated lens scanner, provided a sensitive approach to measure mild ocular irritation.

show abstract

“…The assay is based on the methods described by Muir (1984Muir ( , 1985Muir ( , 1987 and Tchao (1988) and was developed by Gautheron et al (1992) for the prediction of the irritation potential of process intermediates and compounds in development. In general, the BCOP assay can test a wide range of physical forms and solubility characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%