Surfactant-hypochlorite digestion of food matrices for trace analysis of chromium and molybdenum

Anthropogenic Compounds

“…Chlorophenols were found in riverine sediments 40--50 km downstream of the nearest mill [168,183], ableit concentrations were in the 0.0007--0.01 J..lg/g range. Surprisingly, concentrations oftetrachlorocatechol were greater than those of the polychlorinated guaiacols, even though the concentration of the latter in secondary treated bleached kraft effluents is accepted to be the greater [69,183,184].…”

“…In a very extensive study, Nau and coworkers [168] exposed monkeys, guinea pigs, hamsters, and mice to channel and furnace black aerosols at dust levels of 85 mgfm 3 and 57 mgfm 3 , respectively. Exposures were for 7 h per day, 5 days per week up to the life span for some animals.…”

“…Samples are dried to remove moisture and decomposed by either wet acid digestion using strong mineral acid [12,97,139,168] or dry ashing at elevated temperatures, often in the presence of a suitable flux [29,74]. Samples are dried to remove moisture and decomposed by either wet acid digestion using strong mineral acid [12,97,139,168] or dry ashing at elevated temperatures, often in the presence of a suitable flux [29,74].…”

“…Rivin lower than that for nuisance dusts they indicated that this was based on housekeeping considerations (i.e. OSHA has indicated that they are reviewing these health effect designations which were determined originally on the basis of two animal inhalation studies at extremely high dust levels (53-85 mgjm 3 ) [145,168]. After converting the TL V to a PEL, OSHA justified the exclusion of carbon black from the nuisance dust category by assigning it health codes 2 and 3 in the substance toxicity table; which are "suspect carcinogen" and "cumulative heart damage" [245].…”